2021
DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2021.0331.r1
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Variations in the mineral content of bottled ‘carbonated or sparkling’ water across Europe: a comparison of 126 brands across 10 countries

Abstract: Introduction Kidney stone disease is a common disease with high recurrence rates. Sufficient intake of water is the cornerstone in primary prevention of stone disease. However, the mineral composition of water can affect urinary minerals and influence stone formation. The aim of this study is to assess the variation in the mineral composition of bottled sparkling or carbonated drinking water across Europe. Material and methods The two largest supermarket chains in each … Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the mineral composition of commercially available bottled still and bottled sparkling or carbonated water worldwide. As earlier studies performed in Europe showed previously [25,26], this global study shows that the mineral composition of bottled water varies greatly worldwide. We intended to analyse the mineral content of bottled water worldwide and took samples from 21 countries.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 73%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the mineral composition of commercially available bottled still and bottled sparkling or carbonated water worldwide. As earlier studies performed in Europe showed previously [25,26], this global study shows that the mineral composition of bottled water varies greatly worldwide. We intended to analyse the mineral content of bottled water worldwide and took samples from 21 countries.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 73%
“…Earlier research performed in France, Spain and the USA has already shown a variation in the mineral content of tap and bottled water nationwide [22][23][24]. European studies showed that the mineral composition of commercially available bottled drinking water across Europe varies enormously [25,26]. Possibly, drinking water with certain characteristics could increase stone risk where others might be better in the inhibition of stone formation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concretely, physicians should advise their patients to preferentially drink water as it is free from calories, fructose, and alcohol. However, the composition of different mineral waters has to be taken into account since the mineral composition of bottled drinkable water and of tap water varies significantly [100][101][102][103][104], and may influence the urinary composition regarding stone promotors and inhibitors.…”
Section: Advice Regarding Types Of Fluid Intakementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Urine alkalinization is an important nutritional measure in the treatment of patients with calcium oxalate, uric acid and cystine stones, but it is not indicated in calcium phosphate and struvite stone disease [14]. Comparisons of the composition of commercial bottled 'still', 'carbonated' and 'sparkling' water from 10 European countries found a wide variation in the calcium content, with concentrations reaching up to 581.6 mg/L [48,49]. As the dietary reference intake of calcium of a total of 1000 to 1200 mg per day are already achieved by consuming 2 L of calcium-rich water, patients should be aware of the calcium content of the water.…”
Section: Tap Water and Mineral Watermentioning
confidence: 99%