Variations in the Occurrence of Bloat in the Steer Progeny of Beef Bulls

Knapp, Bradford; Baker, A. L.; Phillips, Ralph W.

doi:10.2527/jas1943.23221x

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is common experience that some cows within a herd become repeatedly affected by bloat while others may never show a sign. There is also some evidence that the difference in reaction to bloatcausing environment is influenced by hereditary factors (Knapp, Baker & Phillips, 1943). As the present trials were time-repeated and as monozygotic twins were used (in Trials 1 and 4), they provided some information regarding the importance of individuality as a factor causing variation in bloat incidence.…”

Section: Individualitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Studies in grazing behaviour of dairy cattle: II. Bloat in relation to grazing behaviour

Hancock¹

1954

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. Four trials on methods of bloat-prevention vare described: (a) A comparison of ‘break’ grazing and normal ‘rotational’ grazing without restriction of feed in either case. Break grazing observations covered two and five breaks per day.(b) A comparison of these two systems where ‘break’ grazing involved restriction of area available to the cows, and ‘breaks’ varied from seven to eleven per day.(c) Comparison of ‘off and on’ grazing with normal rotational methods in an attempt to force changes in grazing pattern.(d) Comparison of the same pasture grazed at different lengths under rotational grazing methods.2. Grazing behaviour and degree of bloat were noted.3. In general, the results showed that, irrespective of number of breaks, break grazing with or without restriction gave no effective control of bloat.4. There were definite indications that a strictly enforced system of ‘off and on’ grazing could afford considerable practical control.5. Long feed proved definitely safer than feed of the same botanical composition grazed at shorter stages of growth.6. It was found that cows on potentially dangerous grass had short grazing times with few periods of intense activity. Thus, the oft-stated opinion that bloat is caused by cows eating greedily of dangerous pastures was not substantiated. On the contrary, cows on such pasture showed marked reluctance in their grazing activity.7. Bloat-producing swards were also associated with reduced rumination time, even in respect to cows showing no symptoms. Bloated cows showed generally very low rumination times.8. Many of these observations were made on identical twins. From the similarity in their behaviour, it can be concluded that inheritance is an important factor affecting the occurrence of bloat amongst cows grazing the same herbage.9. In the early stages of bloat, ruminal movement and belching increased in frequency and intensity. This is contrary to the theory that bloat is due to rumen atony. Atony was observed only in the advanced stages of the trouble.

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Section: Individualitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Studies in grazing behaviour of dairy cattle: II. Bloat in relation to grazing behaviour

Hancock¹

1954

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Here, it must be recalled that tlie animal itself is also an important factor determmmg the development of bloat or enterotoxaemia. There is no doubt that susceptibility to these disorders varies with the individual and even the breed and strain or family (81). With regard to individual susceptibility, it is reasonably to expect an animal which has suffered depletion of protein reserves or Mver injury by infection, poisons, drugs, undernutrition, pregnancy or heavy lactation to be less resistant to " clover-poisoning " than an animal which has not so suffered.…”

Section: Bloat and Enterotoxaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasture Herbage as a Causal Factor in Animal Disease: A Review

Muir¹

1948

Grass and Forage Science

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Pasture herbage is the natural food of cattle, sheep and horses. No other food is' better able to keep these herbivores in a state of vigorous health and productivity. If these statements are trite, then no loss of perspective need be feared when the attention of the reader is focuBsed, hereafter, on the role of pasture herbage as a causal factor in animal disease. For it is a matter of experience, common to farmers, veterinary surgeons, grassland agronomists, animal nutritionists and husbandmen, that the interaction of pasture and grazing animal may sometimes react adversely on the latter.A variety of diseases may affect the grazing animal, but only the " physiological " and " nutritional " disorders are discussed below. Pasturage can facilitate the spread of parasitic infestations (e.g. intestinal and ltmg worms, liver fluke, etc.), and of bacterial infectious (e.g. contagious abortion, tuberculosis, Johnes' disease, anthrax, etc.), among grazing animals. Apart from the elimination of reactors and the use of vaccines and sera, sound methods of pasture hygiene are necessary to keep down the incidence of these infectious diseases, while rotational grazing, periodic ploughing out and the avoidance of crowding are recognized as desirable measures to this end. There is also growing appreciation that the productivity of the pasture and the nutritive value of the herbage are important factors determining the resistance ofthe grazing animal to parasitic or bacterial infection. Thus, the undeniable influence of nutrition on resistance to helminthiasis has been neatly expressed by Taylor (1) in the phrase, " numbers of larvae per calorie."The opinion is widely held, at least among veterinary surgeons and farmers, that while parasitism is usually greatly reduced on leys, physiological disorders, such as ," bloat " and " grass tetany," are much more common on leys than on permanent pastures. The author's own observations are in accordance with this opinion.* The difference claimed for the ley as against permanent pasture is one df rekUively higher incidence of physiological disorders in animals pastured on leys, it being recognized that both types of pasture are capable, at times, of disturbing the physiological equilibrium of the grazing animal. The implication is, therefore, that the temporary sward must . tend to possess, at a high level of activity, the factors responsible for physiological aberrations in animals at pasture. The principle of ley grass farming is not necessarily attacked, but it is implicit in the above opinion, that the present design of the ley, may be, only under certain conditions of soil and management, is less able to provide a diet adequate for health as well as productivity.

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“…Susceptibility to bloat in cattle is at least partly genetically controlled (Knapp et al 1943;Hancock 1954;Johns 1954;Johns et al 1958;Piper 1974;Clarke & Reid 1974). Further, there is evidence suggesting that, in dairy cows, susceptibility can be dissociated from productivity (Reid et al 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bloat in cattle

Clarke

Jones

Reid

1974

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Protein from samples of mucous saliva was degraded more readily by rumen microOIganisms from the cow supplying the saliva than by micro·organisms from other cows, suggesting there may be protein composition differences in the salivas of individual animals. Gel electrophoresis of the proteins of mucous saliva of cows of high (HS) and low (LS) susceptibility to bloat reveale,d a group of three proteins (band 4) present as a major component in only HS cows. Investigation of the suitability of band 4 protein as a genetic "marker" for a breeding programme to reduce bloat susceptibility in cattle is warranted.

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Variations in the Occurrence of Bloat in the Steer Progeny of Beef Bulls

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Studies in grazing behaviour of dairy cattle: II. Bloat in relation to grazing behaviour

Studies in grazing behaviour of dairy cattle: II. Bloat in relation to grazing behaviour

Pasture Herbage as a Causal Factor in Animal Disease: A Review

Bloat in cattle

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