Variations in the stable carbon isotope compositions of individual lipids from the leaves of modern angiosperms: implications for the study of higher land plant-derived sedimentary organic matter

Lockheart, MJ; Bergen, PF van; Evershed, R. P.

doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(96)00135-0

Cited by 202 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To reduce this variability in this study needles were sampled (from the 2006 cohort) from branches of same length at the middle crown position from 0.5 to 1 m tall trees. The light environment of leaves can also potentially affect their carbon isotope signature (Lockheart et al, 1997;Grams et al, 2007). Therefore, we sampled needles only from tips of south facing branches of trees exposed to similar microhabitat conditions within the forest stand.…”

Section: Leaf Sampling and Determination Of Co 2 Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of leaf biomass reveals contrasting photosynthetic responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> near geologic vents in Yellowstone National Park

Sharma

Williams

2009

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. In this study we explore the use of natural CO 2 emissions in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) in Wyoming, USA to study responses of natural vegetation to elevated CO 2 levels. Radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis of leaf biomass from a conifer (Pinus contortus; lodgepole pine) and an invasive, non-native herb (Linaria dalmatica; Dalmation toadflax) was used to trace the inputs of vent CO 2 and quantify assimilation-weighted CO 2 concentrations experienced by individual plants near vents and in comparable locations with no geologic CO 2 exposure. The carbon and oxygen isotopic composition and nitrogen percent of leaf biomass from the same plants was used to investigate photosynthetic responses of these plants to naturally elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. The coupled shifts in carbon and oxygen isotope values suggest that dalmation toadflax responded to elevated CO 2 exposure by increasing stomatal conductance with no change in photosynthetic capacity and lodgepole pine apparently responded by decreasing stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity. Lodgepole pine saplings exposed to elevated levels of CO 2 likewise had reduced leaf nitrogen concentrations compared to plants with no enhanced CO 2 exposure, further suggesting widespread and dominant conifer down-regulated photosynthetic capacity under elevated CO 2 levels near geologic vents.

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Section: Leaf Sampling and Determination Of Co 2 Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of leaf biomass reveals contrasting photosynthetic responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> near geologic vents in Yellowstone National Park

Sharma

Williams

2009

Biogeosciences

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“…This ratio, expressed as N 13 C 1 , in modern plants depends on a number of factors, the main ones being the photosynthetic pathway used (C 3 , C 4 or CAM), the isotope composition and the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Other parameters, often with a more local e¡ect and less well understood, include salinity, aspect, nutrient availability, temperature and altitude (e.g., Lockheart et al, 1997Lockheart et al, , 1998Gro « cke, 1998 and references cited therein). Plant organic matter subsequently preserved in the fossil record retains its approximate N 13 C value (Degens, 1969;Bocherens et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable carbon isotopes of wood: a clue to palaeoclimate?

Bergen

Poole

2002

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

104

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Detailed stable carbon isotope and molecular investigations were undertaken on a number of archaeological and fossil wood specimens to provide insights into their use as rigorous independent palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental parameters. The isotope data revealed large differences amongst the material with the oldest specimens being least depleted in 13 C. Although natural variation could account for some of the observed differences, the isotope values of the archaeological and Tertiary specimens are most probably related to the absolute abundance of polysaccharides present and the degree of lignin alteration. The molecular data, based on pyrolysis, of the Antarctic Cretaceous conifer specimens revealed only transformed lignin, with virtually no intact lignin building blocks (2-methoxyphenols) preserved, and no evidence of polysaccharides. This degree of chemical alteration is suggested here to be one of the main causes for the 13 C enriched values of these conifer specimens. These results show the importance of combining detailed molecular information on individual wood components with stable carbon isotope data for palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental studies. ß

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“…Marine biomarker accumulation rates increased in the upper 10 cm while the accumulation rate of terrigenous biomarkers remained more or less constant (Smittenberg et al, 2004). Marine derived OM is generally depleted in 13 C relative to DIC by 25& (Rau et al, 1996) and terrigenous OM typically exhibits d 13 C values of À28& to À32& (Tyson, 1995;Lockheart et al, 1997). Hence, an increase in the marine relative to the terrestrial contribution to the sedimentary OC may also have caused an increase in d 13 C TOC .…”

Section: Consequences Of Respired Co 2 Recycling For Sedimentary Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

Breugel

Schouten

Paetzel³

et al. 2005

Organic Geochemistry

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A negative carbon isotope shift in sedimentary organic carbon deposited in stratified marine and lacustrine systems has often been inferred to be a consequence of the process of recycling of respired and, therefore, 13 C-depleted, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) formed from mineralization of descending organic matter. To study this process, we measured d 13 C DIC and d 13 C values of particulate organic carbon (POC) over an annual cycle in the permanently stratified Kyllaren fjord in Norway. A notable accumulation of respired DIC below the chemocline was evident from the substantially 13 Cdepleted DIC (ca. À19&). Especially in autumn to early spring, respired DIC from the deep anoxic water is mixed into the oxygenated surface water and the calculated respired DIC contribution to the total DIC pool was up to $40% in early spring in the upper 2 m of the water column. At 4 m depth, just below the chemocline, the respired DIC contribution reaches ca. 90% of the total DIC pool. Assimilation of the respired DIC seems to exert only a small effect on d 13 C POC , which has an average d 13 C value of À24&. The measured photoautotrophic fractionation (e p ) was low (<10&) during the majority of the year. This is likely responsible for reducing the apparent impact of recycling of respired DIC on d 13 C POC . However, in June 2002, photoautotrophic use of the 13 C-depleted DIC is obvious from a 13 C-depletion of POC (À33.7&) derived from a bloom of the protist Euglena sp.

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Variations in the stable carbon isotope compositions of individual lipids from the leaves of modern angiosperms: implications for the study of higher land plant-derived sedimentary organic matter

Cited by 202 publications

References 45 publications

Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of leaf biomass reveals contrasting photosynthetic responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> near geologic vents in Yellowstone National Park

Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of leaf biomass reveals contrasting photosynthetic responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> near geologic vents in Yellowstone National Park

Stable carbon isotopes of wood: a clue to palaeoclimate?

The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

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Variations in the stable carbon isotope compositions of individual lipids from the leaves of modern angiosperms: implications for the study of higher land plant-derived sedimentary organic matter

Cited by 202 publications

References 45 publications

Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of leaf biomass reveals contrasting photosynthetic responses to elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; near geologic vents in Yellowstone National Park

Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of leaf biomass reveals contrasting photosynthetic responses to elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; near geologic vents in Yellowstone National Park

Stable carbon isotopes of wood: a clue to palaeoclimate?

The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

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Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of leaf biomass reveals contrasting photosynthetic responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> near geologic vents in Yellowstone National Park

Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of leaf biomass reveals contrasting photosynthetic responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> near geologic vents in Yellowstone National Park