Variations in the Ultrastructure of Scenedesmus obliquus during adaptation to low CO2 level

Krämer, D.; Findenegg, G.R.

doi:10.1016/s0044-328x(78)80037-3

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…It is, therefore, suggested that the decreasing sensitivity to lysozyme and the increasing ability to transport C1, during the course of adaptation to low CO2 conditions, cannot be attributed to an alteration of the rate of growth when H cells are transferred to low CO2 conditions. Data presented here, together with the reports on increased activity of carbonic anhydrase (12,18) and glycolate dehydrogenase (6), clearly suggest that the shift from high to low CO2 conditions induce structural (16) and metabolic changes. The nature of the inducing signal is now being studied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Induction of HCO₃⁻ Transporting Capability and High Photosynthetic Affinity to Inorganic Carbon by Low Concentration of CO₂ in Anabaena variabilis

Marcus

Zenvirth²,

Harel³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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The apparent affinity of photosynthesis for inorganic carbon in Anabaena variabilis strain M-3 increased during the course of adaptation from high to low CO2 concentration (5% and 0.03% V/V CO2 in air, respectively). This was attributed to an increased ability of the ceUs to accumulate inorganic carbon during the course of adaptation to low CO2 conditions. The release of phycobiliproteins was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the cells to lysozyme treatment followed by osmotic shock. High C02-grown cells were more sensitive to this treatment than were low CO2 ones. The efflux of inorganic carbon from cells preloaded with radioactive bicarbonate is faster in high than it is in low CO2-adapted cels. It is postulated that the ceUl waUl or membrane components undergo changes during the course of adaptation to low CO2 conditions. This is supported by electron micrographs showing differences in the cell waUl appearance between high and low COrgrown cells. The increasing ability to accumulate HC03-and the lessened sensitivity to lysozyme during adaptation to low CO2 conditions depends on protein synthesis. The increase in affinity for inorganic carbon during the adaptation to low CO2 conditions is severely inhibited by the presence of spectinomycin. Incubation in the light significantly lessens the time required for the adaptation to low CO2 conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Induction of HCO₃⁻ Transporting Capability and High Photosynthetic Affinity to Inorganic Carbon by Low Concentration of CO₂ in Anabaena variabilis

Marcus

Zenvirth²,

Harel³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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“…The ability to concentrate Ci2 within the cells (2,3,9,14) and the activity of several enzymes (7,15,17) increase during the adaptation to low CO2 conditions. Electron microscope studies of high and low C02-adapted cells indicate differences in cell wall structure in Anabaena (13) and an increased number of mitochondria as well as a change in their location in low C02-grown Scenedesmus (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Adaptation of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis to Low CO₂ Concentration in Their Environment

Marcus¹,

Harel²,

Kaplan³

1983

Plant Physiol.

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The rate of adaptation of high CO2 (5% v/v CO2 in air)-grown Anabacna to a low level of CO2 (0.05% v/v in air) was determined as a function of 02 concentration. Exposure of cels to low (2.6%) 02 concentration resulted in an extended lag in the adaptation to lOw CO2 concentration. The rate of adaptation following the lag was not affected by the concentration of 02. The length of the lag period is markedly affected by the OCO2 concentration ratio, indicating that the signal for adaptation to low CO2 may be related to the relative rate of rbulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activities, rather than to CO2 concentration proper. This suggestion is supported by the observed accumulation of phosphoglycolate foDlowing transfer of cells from high to low CO2 concentration.The adaptive transformation that green algae and cyanobacteria undergo following transfer from high to low CO2 concentration (5% and 0.03% v/v CO2 in air, respectively) involves metabolic and structural changes. The ability to concentrate Ci2 within the cells (2,3,9,14) and the activity of several enzymes (7,15,17) increase during the adaptation to low CO2 conditions. Electron microscope studies of high and low C02-adapted cells indicate differences in cell wall structure in Anabaena (13) and an increased number of mitochondria as well as a change in their location in low C02-grown Scenedesmus (12).These alterations in structure and metabolic activities result in increased apparent photosynthetic affinity to the Ci in the medium (2, 9), decrease of 02 inhibition of photosynthesis (4, 18), and increased resistance to photoinhibition (8).The mechanism by which a single environmental condition, namely CO2 concentration in the medium, induces these changes is not yet understood. The adaptation process involves protein synthesis and is light dependent (13). The excretion of glycolate, when high CO2-adapted cells are transferred to low CO2 conditions (6), indicates alteration of the relative rates of RubisP carboxylase/oxygenase activities (10). The adaptation to low CO2 level could be induced by a change in the level of a product of the RubisP carboxylation/oxygenation reaction. Alternatively, the cells might directly monitor the concentration of inorganic carbon. In order to examine the two possibilities, we determined the effect of C02/02 concentration ratio on the rate of adaptation of Anabaena to low CO2 levels.Supported by a grant from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel. 2Abbreviations: Ci, inorganic carbon; RubisP, ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnabaena variabilis strain M-3 (Tokyo University collection) was grown in the presence of 5% v/v CO2 in air and harvested as described previously (13). Adaptation to low CO2 level was induced by aerating the cells with different mixtures of C02, 02, and N2 using two mixing pumps (Wosthoff, Bochum, F.R.G.).The apparent photosynthetic affinity to Ci was determined from the dependence of the rate of 02 evolution (02 electrode; Rank B...

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“…Of further significance is the fact that the mitochondria are distributed differently Kramer and Findenegg (1978), working with…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Osafune et al (1972Osafune et al ( , 1975 Mitochondrial changes in response to changes in CO2 have not been reported in Chlamydomonas, although there have been reports of relocalization of mitochondria in other species of green algae in response to COj levels. Kramer and Findenegg (1978), working with Scenedesmus obliquus, reported a relocalization of mitochondria from an interior to an exterior position relative to the chloroplast and a 4-fold increase in the apparent number of mitochondria when cells were switched from COj-enriched conditions to air-adapted conditions. reported the opposite finding in Dunaliella tertiolecta.…”

Section: Ultrastructural Changes Associated With Transfer To Limitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and ultrastructural aspects of the adaptation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to limiting CO2

Geraghty

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INFORMATION TO USERSThis manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, ±ese will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographicaUy in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for aiQr photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. 1994Signature was redacted for privacy.Signature was redacted for privacy.Signature was redacted for privacy.ii GENERAL INTRODUCTIONChlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga typically found in the thin films of water on soil particles. The Chlamydomonas life cycle lends itself easily to genetic manipulation and laboratory culture, and Chlamydomonas, therefore, has become an important research model for numerous studies on genetics and cell biology. One such area of study is a COj concentrating system which alters the alga's apparent affinity for CO2 in photosynthesis. Rubisco and the COjtOj RatioCOj concentrating systems impact on the efficiency of photosynthesis because of the interaction between the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis and photorespiration. The first step of the Calvin cycle is the carboxylation of ribulose bis-phosphate to form two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules. 3-Phosphoglycerate is then reduced to form triose phosphates, which are the building blocks for sugars and starches or can be used to regenerate ribulose bis-phosphate for the Calvin cycle. Alternatively, ribulose bis-phosphate can be oxygenated to form one 3-phosphoglycerate molecule, which feeds into the Calvin cycle, and one 2-phosphoglycolate molecule. Two 2-phosphoglycolate molecules can then produce one 3-phosphoglycerate molecule for the Calvin cycle, but in the process, one carbon dioxide molecule and one anmionium ion are lost and ATP is consumed. In addition to a direct energy cost, there is an energy cost to the cell for the loss of carbon, which had already been fixed, as well as nitrogen, which must be re-assimilated at the expense of additional ATP and fairly well understood, a third ...

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Variations in the Ultrastructure of Scenedesmus obliquus during adaptation to low CO2 level

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Induction of HCO₃⁻ Transporting Capability and High Photosynthetic Affinity to Inorganic Carbon by Low Concentration of CO₂ in Anabaena variabilis

Induction of HCO₃⁻ Transporting Capability and High Photosynthetic Affinity to Inorganic Carbon by Low Concentration of CO₂ in Anabaena variabilis

Adaptation of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis to Low CO₂ Concentration in Their Environment

Molecular and ultrastructural aspects of the adaptation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to limiting CO2

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Variations in the Ultrastructure of Scenedesmus obliquus during adaptation to low CO2 level

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Induction of HCO3− Transporting Capability and High Photosynthetic Affinity to Inorganic Carbon by Low Concentration of CO2 in Anabaena variabilis

Induction of HCO3− Transporting Capability and High Photosynthetic Affinity to Inorganic Carbon by Low Concentration of CO2 in Anabaena variabilis

Adaptation of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis to Low CO2 Concentration in Their Environment

Molecular and ultrastructural aspects of the adaptation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to limiting CO2

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Induction of HCO₃⁻ Transporting Capability and High Photosynthetic Affinity to Inorganic Carbon by Low Concentration of CO₂ in Anabaena variabilis

Induction of HCO₃⁻ Transporting Capability and High Photosynthetic Affinity to Inorganic Carbon by Low Concentration of CO₂ in Anabaena variabilis

Adaptation of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis to Low CO₂ Concentration in Their Environment