Variations of Carnosic acid and Carnosol Concentrations in Ethanol Extracts of Wild <i>Lepechinia salviae</i> in Spring (2008–2011)

Labbé, Cecilia; Faini, Francesca; Calderon, Daniela; Molina, Juanita; Arredondo, Susana

doi:10.1177/1934578x1400901004

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The study further confirmed that the phytotoxicity of rosemary leaves changed during the sampling period. The changes in carnosic acid concentration and the expression of biological activities during different seasons have been reported in other studies [46,59,60]. Although the antimicrobial activity of rosemary leaves changed during the growing season [61], seasonal changes in the phytotoxicity of rosemary have not been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Seasonal Changes in the Plant Growth-Inhibitory Effects of Rosemary Leaves on Lettuce Seedlings

Appiah

Omari

Onwona-Agyeman

et al. 2022

Plants

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Plant biodiversity has been studied to explore allelopathic species for the sustainable management of weeds to reduce the reliance on synthetic herbicides. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., syn Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), was found to have plant growth-inhibitory effects, and carnosic acid was reported as an allelochemical in the plant. In this study, the effects of seasonal variation (2011–2012) on the carnosic acid concentration and phytotoxicity of rosemary leaves from two locations in Tunisia (Fahs and Matmata) were investigated. The carnosic acid concentration in rosemary leaves was determined by HPLC, and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was used as the receptor plant in the phytotoxicity bioassay. The highest carnosic acid concentration was found in rosemary samples collected in June 2011, which also had the highest inhibitory activity. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation (r = −0.529; p < 0.01) was found between the inhibitory activity on lettuce hypocotyl and the carnosic acid concentration in rosemary leaves. Both temperature and elevation had a significant positive correlation with carnosic acid concentration, while rainfall showed a negative correlation. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of rosemary leaf samples collected in summer was highest due to their high carnosic acid concentration. The phytotoxicity of rosemary needs to be studied over time to determine if it varies by season under field conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Seasonal Changes in the Plant Growth-Inhibitory Effects of Rosemary Leaves on Lettuce Seedlings

Appiah

Omari

Onwona-Agyeman

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Interestingly, both compounds were recovered from cell suspensions with a high level of purity ( Figure 1 C ). However, the presence of other impurities cannot be discarded since the wavelength used to detect CA and CS was 230 nm [17] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence of other impurities cannot be discarded since the wavelength used to detect CA and CS was 230 nm. [17] Scheme 1. Biosynthetic pathway of carnosic acid and carnosol.…”

Section: Carnosic Acid and Carnosol As Bioactive Compounds In Lepechi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Production of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol in Cell Suspensions of Lepechinia meyenii Treated with Different Elicitors and Biosynthetic Precursors

Villa‐Ruano

Hernández-Silva

Varela-Caselis

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Lepechinia meyenii is a medicinal plant specialized in the biosynthesis of different types of antioxidants including the diterpenes carnosic (CA) acid and carnosol (CS). Herein we present the results of plant tissue culture approaches performed in this medicinal plant with particular emphasis on the generation and evaluation of a cell suspension system for CA and CS production. The effect of sucrose concentration, temperature, pH, and UV‐light exposure was explored. In addition, diverse concentrations of microbial elicitors (salicylic acid, pyocyanin, Glucanex, and chitin), simulators of abiotic elicitors (polyethylene glycol and NaCl), and biosynthetic precursors (mevalonolactone, geranylgeraniol, and miltiradiene/abietatriene) were evaluated on batch cultures for 20 days. Miltiradiene/abietatriene obtainment was achieved through a metabolic engineering approach using a recombinant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results suggested that the maximum accumulation (Accmax) of CA and CS was mainly conferred to stimuli associated with oxidative stress such as UV‐light exposure (Accmax, 6.2 mg L−1) polyethylene glycol (Accmax, 6.5 mg L−1) NaCl (Accmax, 5.9 mg L−1) which simulated drought and saline stress, respectively. Nevertheless the bacterial elicitor pyocyanin was also effective to increase the production of both diterpenes (Accmax, 6.4 mg L−1). Outstandingly, the incorporation of upstream biosynthetic precursors such as geranylgeraniol and miltiradiene/abietatriene, generated the best results with Accmax of 8.6 and 16.7 mg L−1, respectively. Optimized batch cultures containing 100 mg L−1 geranylgeraniol, 50 mg L−1 miltiradiene/abietatriene (95 : 5 %) and 5 g L−1 polyethylene glycol treated with 6 min UV light pulse during 30 days resulted in Accmax of 26.7 mg L−1 for CA and 17.3 mg L−1 for CS on days 18–24. This strategy allowed to increase seven folds the amounts of CA and CS in comparison with batch cultures without elicitation (Accmax, 4.3 mg L−1).

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“…The absence of this component in the extract may be presumably due to two reasons: The first corresponds to the use of aged leaves, a stage where th diterpene molecule is partially consumed by non-enzymatic reactions of the diterpen into oxidized derivatives [44,45]. The second one is related to carnosic acid levels in rosemary plants exposed to stressful environmental conditions, including high temperatures and low summer rainfall, which have shown a downward trend with concomitant increase in its main oxidation product, carnosol [46][47][48]. Carnosol, Peak 9, was the molecule in the group of tentatively annotated compound with the highest number of ions detected by the mass spectrometer and was, therefore selected as the molecule to perform virtual screening with a set of 708 human proteins.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Hydro-alcoholic Extract Of Rosemary By Hplc-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Protein Targets of Carnosol, a Molecule Identified in Rosmarinus officinalis: In Silico Docking Studies and Network Pharmacology

et al. 2023

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Carnosol is a natural diterpene present in Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite its importance, the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the interactions between carnosol and human targets are still unclear. The goal was to identify plausible human target for carnosol and the network pharmacology. Rosemary was analyzed using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Potential carnosol targets were identified using docking and a public database (CTD). Carnosol was screened against 708 human proteins using AutoDock Vina, and affinity values were used as prioritization criteria. The targets set was uploaded to WebGestalt to obtain Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analyses allowed the tentative annotation of nine chemicals, with carnosol being the most ionized. There were 53 plausible targets for carnosol, with 20 identified using virtual screening, including Hsp90α (−10.9 kcal/mol), AKR1C3 (−10.4 kcal/mol), and Hsp90β (−10.4 kcal/mol), and 33 identified from CTD. The potential targets for carnosol identified with PPI and molecular docking were HSP90AA1, MAPK1, MAPK3, CAT, JUN, AHR, and CASP3. GO terms and KEGG pathways analysis found that carnosol is closely related to infection (Chagas, influenza A, toxoplasmosis, and pertussis) and inflammation (IL-17 and TNF signaling pathway and Th-17 cell differentiation). These results demonstrated that carnosol may induce an immuno-inflammatory response.

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Variations of Carnosic acid and Carnosol Concentrations in Ethanol Extracts of Wild Lepechinia salviae in Spring (2008–2011)

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Seasonal Changes in the Plant Growth-Inhibitory Effects of Rosemary Leaves on Lettuce Seedlings

Seasonal Changes in the Plant Growth-Inhibitory Effects of Rosemary Leaves on Lettuce Seedlings

Controlled Production of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol in Cell Suspensions of Lepechinia meyenii Treated with Different Elicitors and Biosynthetic Precursors

Mapping Protein Targets of Carnosol, a Molecule Identified in Rosmarinus officinalis: In Silico Docking Studies and Network Pharmacology

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