Variations of the velocity contrast and rupture properties of M6 earthquakes along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault

Zhao, Peng; Peng, Zhigang; Shi, Zhengwei; Lewis, Michael Bevan; Ben‐Zion, Yehuda

doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04436.x

Cited by 44 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…3b). Similar results are obtained with other waveforms shown by Zhao et al (2010) to include FZHW in the early portions of seismograms. The results confirm the utility of our polarization analysis for detecting and measuring the duration of FZHW.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Ben-Zion et al, 1992;Lewis et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2010). Previous imaging studies based on FZHW employed dense small-aperture seismic arrays across the fault section of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use as examples waveforms recorded at station MMNB on the slow side of the SAF (Fig. 3a) that were analyzed recently by Zhao et al (2010). Particle motions for the initial P wave windows exhibit faultnormal direction of incoming waves, which turn around 0.2 sec into a NW-SE orientation pointing to the source azimuth (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous imaging of fault bimaterial interfaces with FZHW used data from dense near-fault seismic arrays (e.g., McGuire & Ben-Zion, 2005;Zhao et al, 2010). In most cases, however, the seismic networks are sparse since they are designed to monitor seismicity on regional scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for a bimaterial interface along the Mudurnu segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone from polarization analysis of P waves

Bulut

Ben‐Zion

Bohnhoff

2012

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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We present results on imaging contrast of seismic velocities across the Mudurnu segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in northwestern Turkey with polarization analysis of early P waveforms generated by near-fault seismicity and recorded by near-fault stations. The analysis uses changes in motion polarity from fault-normal to source-receiver directions to identify early-arriving fault zone head waves on the slow side of the fault, and measure the arrival times of the head and direct P waves. The moveout between the head and direct waves with increasing source-receiver distance along the fault provides an estimate of the average contrast of seismic velocities across the fault. The results indicate that the average contrast of P wave velocities across the Mudurnu segment of the NAFZ is at least 6%, with the south block being the faster side. The findings provide a basis for deriving improved event locations, focal mechanisms and estimated shaking hazard associated with earthquakes on the fault. The analysis technique can be used in other fault zones monitored with sparse seismic instrumentation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Ben-Zion et al, 1992;Lewis et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2010). Previous imaging studies based on FZHW employed dense small-aperture seismic arrays across the fault section of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for a bimaterial interface along the Mudurnu segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone from polarization analysis of P waves

Bulut

Ben‐Zion

Bohnhoff

2012

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…Observed FZHW and these relations were used in various studies to image properties of bimaterial fault interfaces at sections of the San Andreas fault in California (e.g. McGuire & Ben-Zion 2005;Zhao et al 2010;Share & Ben-Zion 2016), the North Anatolian fault in Turkey (Bulut et al 2012;Najdahmadi et al 2016) and other faults (e.g. Hough et al 1994;Zhao & Peng 2008;Yang et al 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal structure of the San Jacinto fault zone at Jackass Flat from data recorded by a dense linear array

Qiu

Ben‐Zion

Ross

et al. 2017

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YThe internal structure of the Clark fault in the trifurcation area of the San Jacinto fault zone is imaged using seismograms recorded by a dense linear array (Jackass Flat, JF) crossing the surface trace of the fault and an adjacent array (TR) to the SW. Delay times between phase arrivals associated with ∼3500 local earthquakes and nine teleseismic events are used to estimate velocity variations within the arrays. The teleseismic P waves travel faster beneath the TR than the JF array, in contrast to larger scale tomographic results. Statistical analysis of local P-wave delay times indicates that the entire JF array, with an aperture of ∼400 m, is inside a low-velocity damage zone. This low-velocity zone is bounded on the NE side by a shallow bimaterial interface generating fault zone head waves, and it contains an inner zone of more intense damage generating fault zone trapped waves. The P-wave velocity contrast across the local bounding bimaterial interface is 10-15 per cent. The trapping structure is associated with a width of ∼200 m, S-wave velocity reduction of ∼35 per cent with respect to the surrounding rock, Q-value of ∼20 and depth of ∼3.5 km. The imaging results suggest that the main seismogenic fault is near the SW end of the JF array, in agreement with a prominent geomorphologic feature. The existence of intense local damage on the crustal block with faster larger scale velocity at depth is consistent with common propagation of earthquake ruptures in the area to the NW.

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Bimaterial effects in an earthquake cycle model using rate‐and‐state friction

Erickson

Day

2016

JGR Solid Earth

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We have developed a computational framework to study earthquake cycles in 2‐D plane strain and apply it to faults separating dissimilar material. We consider a planar, strike‐slip fault governed by rate‐and‐state friction where quasi‐dynamic events nucleate spontaneously due to remote, tectonic loading. We investigate the influence of material contrast over the course of many hundreds of years. For the parameters we consider, we find that the presence of bimaterial properties influences the earthquake nucleation site, such that rupture in the preferred direction (that is, in the direction of particle motion of the side of the fault with lower shear wave velocity) is favorable. For large values of the critical slip distance Dc, events propagating in the preferred rupture direction occur for a wide range of material contrasts. For smaller values of Dc, small events emerge, even in the monomaterial case. With material mismatch present, some of these small events propagate in the nonpreferred direction, made possible by a favorable stress distribution left on the fault from previous ruptures. These results may shed light on our understanding of rupture directivity on large strike‐slip faults (like the San Andreas Fault in California) which occasionally host events rupturing in the nonpreferred direction.

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Variations of the velocity contrast and rupture properties of M6 earthquakes along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

Evidence for a bimaterial interface along the Mudurnu segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone from polarization analysis of P waves

Evidence for a bimaterial interface along the Mudurnu segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone from polarization analysis of P waves

Internal structure of the San Jacinto fault zone at Jackass Flat from data recorded by a dense linear array

Bimaterial effects in an earthquake cycle model using rate‐and‐state friction

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