Variations of transverse foramens of cervical vertebrae: a 3-dimensional multidetector CT study

Abstract

Seeds of 14 commonly found plant species from 3 different families (Brassicaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Asteraceae) were investigated for 1000-seed weights (g), total oil (%), total protein (%), total soluble sugar contents (TSS; mg g -1 ), and fatty acid compositions (%). Correlation coefficients of fatty acids from different families were investigated, as well. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic, and erucic acids were present in varying amounts. Within the family Brassicaceae, only Cardaria draba did not contain eicosenoic and erucic acids, while species of the Asteraceae and Dipsacaceae did not contain linolenic, eicosenoic, or erucic acids. The 1000-seed weights ranged between 0.17 and 32.71 g among the examined species. Species from Brassicaceae generally had high oil content, with the exception of C. draba. The highest oil content was found in Boreava orientalis (36.87%). Total protein content was higher in members of families Brassicaceae and Dipsacaceae than in Asteraceae, and total protein content was found to be between 9.4% and 32.6%. TSS contents of seeds varied widely, ranging from 4.98 to 26.65 mg g -1 . Palmitic and stearic acid contents of the species showed significant positive correlations, but erucic acid content negatively correlated with both linoleic and linolenic acids in Brassicaceae. Significant negative correlations were found between linolenic acid to both palmitic and oleic acids in Asteraceae and Dipsacaceae. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of seed quality parameters, as well as oil and seed yield, to detect promising genotypes of selected species.

Evaluation of morphologic and morphometric characteristic of foramen transversarium on 3-dimensional multidetector computed tomography angiography (mdcta)

“…As in our study, Degirmenci and Yılmaz determined double TF as the most common variation in cervical vertebrae. Unlike our study, they reported the incidence of hypoplasia as more common (10.4%) and agenesia as less common (4).…”

Double Transverse Foramina—An Anatomical Basis for Possible Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency Risk and Vertebral Artery Injury

“…Regarding the prevalence of DTF, there are studies on different populations ranging from 5.7% to 23.5% in the literature, and most of them are studies using dry bone [23,24]; some of them were made with CT images [25,26]. While some of these studies included all cervical vertebrae, they were made by considering the difference between males and females [25,26]. We also see that some studies were carried out on societies that lived in ancient times [27,28].…”

Morphometric study of cervical spinal canal and transverse foramen diameter using computed tomography: Sex difference and relationship to age in Turkish population

“…Moreira et al (2020) [ 26 ] showed that the parameters from C3 to C7 were similar to those previously reported, with a similar trend about FT dimensions. [ 9 , 14 , 15 , 27 , 28 ] Zibis et al (2016) [ 16 ] studying 700 cervical spine foramen (C1–C7) from angiographic CT images, reported the highest average anteroposterior diameter (APD) in the C6 (6.07 mm on the right and 6.27 mm on the left). In our study, the mean APD ranged from 3.88 to 6.05 mm.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] Investigators have studied the variability in the dimensions and number of the FT in the cervical vertebrae. [10,[14][15][16] Therefore, it is possible that the trajectory of the vital vascular and neural structures occupying the FT could be distorted owing to the underlying variations. Bible et al (2016) [17] reported that surgical complications can be attributed to a lack of complete knowledge of anatomical variations.…”