Variations of uptake rates in benzene diffusive sampling as a function of ambient conditions

Ballach, J; Greuter, B; Schultz, E.; Jaeschke, W.

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00387-3

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The use of PSs with various designs and sorbent materials for ambient monitoring applications has been documented in the literature [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] with much effort related to the development of monitoring protocols for the European Community Directive 2000/69/EC and daughter directives that set limits on ambient concentrations of hazardous air pollutants, including benzene. The study presented here utilized Carbopack X sorbent (ϳ650 mg) in ceramic-lined Perkin-Elmer tubes (Supelco, Inc.), 6 mm in diameter by 90 mm length, with laboratory analysis by a thermal desorption gas chromatograph (GC; TurboMatrix ATD, Perkin-Elmer Instruments, LLC, and Saturn 2000 GC/MS, Agilent).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facility Fence-Line Monitoring Using Passive Samplers

Thoma

Miller

Chung

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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In 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) executed a year-long field study at a refinery in Corpus Christi, TX, to evaluate the use of passive diffusive sampling technology for assessing time-averaged benzene concentrations at the facility fence line. The purpose of the study was to investigate the implementation viability and performance of this type of monitoring in a real-world setting as part of EPA's fence-line measurement research program. The study utilized 14-day, time-integrated Carbopack X samplers deployed at 18 locations on the fence line and at two nearby air monitoring sites equipped with automated gas chromatographs. The average fence-line benzene concentration during the study was 1075 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) with a standard deviation of 1935 pptv. For a 6-month period during which wind direction was uniform, the mean concentration value for a group of downwind sites exceeded the mean value of a similar upwind group by 1710 pptv. Mean value differences for these groups were not statistically significant for the remaining 6-month time period when wind directions were mixed. The passive sampling approach exhibited acceptable performance with a data completeness value of 97.1% (n ϭ 579). Benzene concentration comparisons with automated gas chromatographs yielded an r 2 value of 0.86 and a slope of 0.90 (n ϭ 50). A linear regression of duplicate pairs yielded an r 2 of 0.97, unity slope, and zero intercept (n ϭ 56). In addition to descriptions of technique performance and general results, time-series analyses are described, providing insight into the utility of 2-week sampling for source apportionment under differing meteorological conditions. The limitations of the approach and recommendations for future measurement method development work are also discussed.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facility Fence-Line Monitoring Using Passive Samplers

Thoma

Miller

Chung

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…That is the case for all samplers tested, as indicated in Figure 3. For high wind velocities, the arising of uptake rate can be explained by shortening the length of the effective diffusion path [25,33]. Close to 200 cm s À1 , an increase of uptake rates between þ40 and þ50% is found for the two diffusion tubes without any diffusion membrane.…”

Section: Influences Of Air Velocity On the Uptake Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the wind velocity on the uptake rates of various diffusive samplers

Plaisance

2011

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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This paper examines the results of experiments carried out in an exposure chamber to determine the wind effects on the performance of various diffusive sampler types commonly used for measuring gaseous pollutants in air. The resistance to wind of six diffusive samplers, two Palmes tubes, a badge with diffusion membrane, the EMD sampler and two radial diffusive samplers for different pollutants was compared in a range of velocities from 0 to 300 cm s À1 . For all diffusive samplers tested, an increase in uptake rate was observed with increased air velocity usually following a logarithmic function. The consequences are an underestimation in the concentration measured by the diffusive samplers for low wind velocities below 30 cm s À1 and conversely an overestimation from 60 cm s À1 . The magnitude of wind effects depends on diffusive sampler type and exceeds an uptake rate variation of AE20% for the axial diffusion tubes and the EMD sampler. With regard to the characteristics of each diffusive sampler, the dependence of uptake rate on wind velocity was analysed and discussed. The radial diffusive samplers for benzene and particularly the ones having a large and thick porous membrane appear to be the most effective design to minimise the influence of air velocity on passive sampling.

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“…[21][22][23][24] However, these samplers are vulnerable to variations of environmental factors. [25][26][27][28] Tolnai et al compared the sampling rates (SRs) of Perkin-Elmer tube samplers and found there were up to 300% deviations in different studies. 29 Moreover, signicantly different uncertainties of BTX measurements under eld test by OVM samplers have been veried by different researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a new passive sampler using hydrophobic zeolites as adsorbents for exposure measurement of indoor BTX

Zhang

et al. 2013

Anal. Methods

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Variations of uptake rates in benzene diffusive sampling as a function of ambient conditions

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Facility Fence-Line Monitoring Using Passive Samplers

Facility Fence-Line Monitoring Using Passive Samplers

The effect of the wind velocity on the uptake rates of various diffusive samplers

Evaluation of a new passive sampler using hydrophobic zeolites as adsorbents for exposure measurement of indoor BTX

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