Variations of workload and well-being measures across a professional basketball season

Ferreira, M.D.A.; Camões, Miguel; Lima, Ricardo; Silva, Rui; Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Mendes, Bruno; Bezerra, Pedro; Clemente, Filipe Manuel

doi:10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e75863

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…None of the two studies [34,36] analyzed U14 soccer players, suggesting more studies with similar designs and larger sample sizes. Even in professional basketball players, higher values of DOMS and fatigue were found to be related to AW and ACWLR [37], but this was not shown in this study. Therefore, other contextual factors may influence the well-being of elite U14 soccer players (e.g., external load, nutritional intake, psychological and social aspects).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Relationships between training load, peak height velocity, muscle soreness and fatigue status in elite-level young soccer players: a competition season study

et al. 2023

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Background This study aimed to compare training load parameters, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and fatigue status between season periods (1st and 2nd halves) in U14 soccer players and to analyze the relationships between training load parameters based on season periods (1st and 2nd halves) with peak height velocity (PHV), DOMS, and fatigue status in under-14 (U14) young elite soccer players. Additionally, it was intended to analyze if fatigue, DOMS and PHV could explain training load parameters across the season. Methods Twenty U14 players that competed in the national league participated in this study. The players were monitored during the whole season (26 weeks), and evaluations were carried out at the end of the in-season. Anthropometric and body composition parameters and the maturity offset of each player were utilized to compute each player's age at PHV. Players reported their levels of DOMS and fatigue status using Hooper index questionnaires. The internal load was monitored using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Acute weekly internal load (AW), chronic weekly internal load (CW), acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR), training monotony (TM), and training strain (TS) were also obtained. Results The main results showed that TM was higher in the 2nd half, while CW, AW and DOMS were higher in the 1st half of the season. Moreover, the main correlations showed a positive correlation between PHV and TS (2nd half of the season) and between fatigue and TM (1st half of the season). Conclusion In conclusion, variations in well-being status and PHV cannot explain the variations in internal training loads in elite U14 soccer players. In addition, internal training load indices during the first half of the competitive season can promote a fundamental base for progression loads during the second period of the competitive season.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Relationships between training load, peak height velocity, muscle soreness and fatigue status in elite-level young soccer players: a competition season study

et al. 2023

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“…In the same line, Nobari et al showed that high volume of sprinting during high intensity weeks was associated with non-contact injury occurrence [53]. Moreover, Ferreira et al [42] found that well-being measures such as higher DOMS and fatigue values were associated with acute load and ACWR values in professional basketball players. Thus, they reported that significant decreases were determined in acute load from pre-season to the in-season, while DOMS and fatigue levels were high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The ACWR can be beneficial in explaining the risks associated with the injury rate of athletes such as sudden increases in intensity or critical intensity reductions and describing weekly changes (to check advancement or over intensity strategies) [42]. Starters exhibited significantly greater values for ACWR of DOMS than non-starters in M2, M7, M9, and also ACWR of fatigue values were found to be significantly greater in starters than non-starters in M7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher levels of these categories in M1 and M2 could be related to exposure to higher training intensity to improve the physical condition rather than participation in playtime. Also, this higher intensity could be associated to the preseason period that triggers more difficult and tiresome demands when compared to the in-season professional soccer period [25,27,29,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Within- and between-mesocycle variations of well-being measures in top elite male soccer players: a longitudinal study

Oliveira¹,

Saygın²,

Brito³

et al. 2022

JOMH

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Background:The aims of this study were to describe the variations of training monotony (TM), training strain (TS), and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through Hooper Index categories (fatigue, stress, DOMS, and sleep quality) and to compare those variations between player status and player positions. Methods: Seventeen male professional soccer players participated in this study. Considering player status, participants were divided in nine starters and eight non-starters. Additionally, participants were divided by playing positions: three wide defenders, four central defenders, three wide midfielders, four central midfielders, and three strikers. They were followed during 40-week in-season period. TM, TS, and ACWR were calculated for each HI category, respectively. Data were grouped in 10 mesocycles for further analysis. Results: Results showed variations across the mesocycles. In general, starters showed higher values for TM, TS, and ACWR calculations than non-starters, although there were some exceptions. Regarding player positions, significant differences were found in stress between wide defenders vs central midfielders for TM (p = 0.033, ES = 5.16), central defenders vs wide defenders for ACWR (p = 0.044, ES = 4.95), and in sleep between wide defenders and strikers for TM (p = 0.015, ES = 5.80). Conclusions: This study revealed that an analysis of players' well-being parameters according to player status and positions can provide clear information to the coaches and their staff to complement the tasks of training monitoring.

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“…Recent studies have frequently shown that internal or external workload indices [ 43 ]. In addition, the Hooper Index parameters were found to be higher during the pre-season period compared to other periods of the season [ 44 , 45 ]. The increase in training load parameters in the pre-season is usually due to the progressive overload principle of training, to prepare the players to meet the physical demands of the upcoming season [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players

Clemente

Férnandez

Saygın

et al. 2021

JCM

Self Cite

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Background: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = −0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: −3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: −16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = −0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = −0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = −0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = −0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = −0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: −1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: −2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50–0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50–0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining.

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Variations of workload and well-being measures across a professional basketball season

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Relationships between training load, peak height velocity, muscle soreness and fatigue status in elite-level young soccer players: a competition season study

Relationships between training load, peak height velocity, muscle soreness and fatigue status in elite-level young soccer players: a competition season study

Within- and between-mesocycle variations of well-being measures in top elite male soccer players: a longitudinal study

Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players

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