Varicella, ephemeral breastfeeding and eczema as risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Mexicans

Tarrats, Rosa María; Ordóñez, Graciela; Rı́os, Camilo; Sotelo, Julio

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2002.1o077.x

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…On the other hand, no difference was found in our study with respect to type of residence, corroborating the findings of Granieri and Casetta 7 . Other factors, such as artificial baby milk 16 and a predominance of meat and animal fat in the diet 4,15 , have been associated with this illness; however, these findings were not confirmed in the present study nor in the one conducted by Kurtzke and Page 8 .…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Although this hypothesis had been raised by Tarrats et al 16 in a Mexican study, these authors found no association between ingestion of pig or bovine brain and MS. Contact with animals (dogs, birds and farm animals) was found to be associated with the disease according to reports published by Bobowick et al 13 , Bansil et al 6 and Ghadirian et al 9 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 39%

“…Genetic and environmental factors have been extensively evaluated in epidemiological studies carried out worldwide, mainly in the northern hemisphere where prevalence rates of this illness are higher 2 . Many factors have been assessed in relation to the devel-opment and the geographical and racial distribution of MS worldwide : geographical 3,4 ; demographic [5][6][7][8][9][10] ; socio-cultural [3][4][5][6][7][8][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and biological factors [8][9][10][11][12][13]15,16 comprising inheritance and constitution, and directly referring to the role genes and the immunological system may play in the disease's etiology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Rio de Janeiro: a case-control study

Silva

Alvarenga

Fernández³

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Purpose: To evaluate potential risk factors for the development of multiple sclerosis in Brazilian patients. Method: A case control study was carried out in 81 patients enrolled at the Department of Neurology of the Hospital da Lagoa in Rio de Janeiro, and 81 paired controls. A standardized questionnaire on demographic, social and cultural variables, and medical and family history was used. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and conditional logistic regression models with the SPSS for Windows software program. Results: Having standard vaccinations (vaccinations specified by the Brazilian government) (OR=16.2; 95% CI=2.3-115.2), smoking (OR=7.6; 95% CI=2.1-28.2), being single (OR=4.7; 95% CI=1.4-15.6) and eating animal brain (OR=3.4; 95% CI=1.2-9.8) increased the risk of developing MS. Conclusions: Results of this study may contribute towards better awareness of the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis.KEY WORDS: multiple sclerosis, risk factors, immunization, tobacco, single person, consumption of animal brain, Brazil.Potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de esclerose múltipla no Rio de Janeiro: um estudo caso controle Resumo -Objetivo: Avaliar os potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de esclerose múltipla em pacientes brasileiros. Método: Um estudo caso-controle incluiu 81 pacientes atendidos no Departamento de Neurologia do Hospital da Lagoa, no Rio de Janeiro, e 81 controles. Um questionário padronizado incluiu variáveis demográficas, sociais e culturais, além da história familiar e clínica. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS para Windows e foi constituída de estatísticas descritivas e de um modelo de regressão logística condicional. Resultados: Pacientes com história de imunização (OR=16,2; IC95%=2,3-115,2), fumantes (OR=7,6; IC95%=2,2), solteiros (OR=4,7; IC95%=1,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)6) e que consumiam cérebro de animal (OR=3,4; IC95%=1,2-9,8) tiveram risco mais elevado de desenvolver esclerose múltipla quando comparados aos controles. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para um melhor entendimento das características epidemiológicas dos pacientes brasileiros com esclerose múltipla. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: esclerose múltipla, fatores de risco, epidemiologia, Brasil.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 39%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Rio de Janeiro: a case-control study

Silva

Alvarenga

Fernández³

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…There have been many reports suggesting an association between one or more of these infectious diseases and MS [15,16] , but these were not confirmed in a larger registry-based study [17] . However, evidence is growing that a history of infectious mononucleosis is associated with susceptibility to MS [18][19][20][21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association of Infectious Mononucleosis with Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2009

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Background: Genetic and environmental factors have important roles in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility. Several studies have attempted to correlate exposure to viral illness with the subsequent development of MS. Here in a population-based Canadian cohort, we investigate the relationship between prior clinical infection or vaccination and the risk of MS. Methods: Using the longitudinal Canadian database, 14,362 MS index cases and 7,671 spouse controls were asked about history of measles, mumps, rubella, varicella and infectious mononucleosis as well as details about vaccination with measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B and influenza vaccines. Comparisons were made between cases and spouse controls. Results: Spouse controls and stratification by sex appear to correct for ascertainment bias because with a single exception we found no significant differences between cases and controls for all viral exposures and vaccinations. However, 699 cases and 165 controls reported a history of infectious mononucleosis (p < 0.001, corrected odds ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.71–2.48). Females were more aware of disease history than males (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The data further confirms a reporting distortion between males and females. Historically reported measles, mumps, rubella, varicella and vaccination for hepatitis B, influenza, measles, mumps and rubella are not associated with increased risk of MS later in life. A clinical history of infectious mononucleosis is conspicuously associated with increased MS susceptibility. These findings support studies implicating Epstein-Barr virus in MS disease susceptibility, but a co-association between MS susceptibility and clinically apparent infectious mononucleosis cannot be excluded.

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“…For instance, optic neuritis represents 12% of the patients referred to a specialized neuro-ophthalmology clinic [12] ; about 40% of them are eventually diagnosed as having MS [12,13] . Potential risk factors responsible for the increase in MS in Mexico include a decrease in breastfeeding for large segments of the society and an increased incidence of varicella and childhood eczema [14] . Research conducted at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico has demonstrated activation of varicella-zoster virus during MS relapses [15] , suggesting that this herpes virus could be an etiological agent of MS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%