Varicella-zoster virus DNA in human sensory ganglia

Gilden, Donald H.; Vafai, Abbas; Shtram, Y.; Becker, Yechiel; Devlin, Mary; Wellish, Mary

doi:10.1038/306478a0

Cited by 247 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In fact, the virus has never been isolated during postmortems of people without clinical zoster [1]. However, viral RNA and DNA has been detected within dorsal root ganglia [17,18].…”

Section: Epidemiological Background and Model Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of varicella–zoster virus infections: a mathematical model

Garnett

Grenfell

1992

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYHerpes-zoster is caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In this paper different hypotheses of how this re-emergence of virus comes about are reviewed and discussed. From these hypotheses, and epidemiological data describing the initial transmission of the virus, a mathematical model of primary disease (varicella) and reactivated disease (zoster) in developed countries is derived. The steady-state age distributions of zoster cases predicted by this model are compared with the observed distribution, derived from a review and analysis of published epidemiological data. The model allows differentiation between published hypotheses in which age of host may or may not influence the probability of viral reactivation. The results indicate that the probability of reactivation must increase with age to allow the observed pattern of zoster cases. The basic mathematical model presented provides a conceptual framework, which may be extended to assess possible control programmes.

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“…In fact, the virus has never been isolated during postmortems of people without clinical zoster [1]. However, viral RNA and DNA has been detected within dorsal root ganglia [17,18].…”

Section: Epidemiological Background and Model Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of varicella–zoster virus infections: a mathematical model

Garnett

Grenfell

1992

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Four kinds of virus DNAs (A-phage-genomic DNA, 49 Kb (3) ; VZV-genomic DNA, 125 Kb (4) ; HSV-1-genomic DNA, 152 Kb (12) and HCMV-genomic DNA, 230 Kb (Abstracts presented at the 13th International Herpesvirus Workshop, Aug. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]1988) showed different electrophoretic patterns as in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Change In Electrophoretic Patterns Of Dnas Of Four Viruses Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods are in use for laboratory diagnosis of VZV infection; (a) virus isolation in cultures, followed by identification of' the isolate by various tests; (b) viral antigen detection by immunofluorescence test of clinical materials; (c) virus particle detection by electron microscopy ; and (d) viral nucleic acid detection using a hybridization technique (7)(8)(9)20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Varicella‐Zoster Virus DNA by Field‐Inversion Gel Electrophoresis

Arao

Yoshida

Bai

et al. 1990

Microbiology and Immunology

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A new method for detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA using field-inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) was devised.VZV-genomic DNA could be differentiated from the host cell DNA of human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts infected with VZV under electrophoretic conditions allowing resolution of linear and double-stranded DNAs in the 49-230 kilobase pairs (Kb) range. The detection of VZV-genomic DNA from infected HEL cells was successful regardless of whether the VZV was a laboratory strain, live vaccine strain, or fresh isolate. Under the same electrophoretic conditions, DNA of VZV-infected HEL cells could be clearly differentiated from DNA obtained from HEL cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), type 2 (HSV-2), or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Furthermore, VZV genomic DNA could be detected from as small a sample as 1.9 \ 104 VZV-infected HEL cells. Finally, we could detect VZV genomic DNA from 10 samples of vesicle tissue (blister lids, each about 1-4 mm2) and one sample of vesicle fluid (about 5 pl) obtained from patients diagnosed as having herpes-zoster. The results of' this study indicate that FIGE is a simple and promising method for the detection of VZV from clinical materials as well as infected in vitro cultured cells.VZV is known to cause two diseases, varicella and zoster. The former is an acute disease that follows primary contact with the virus, whereas the latter is the response of the partially immune host to a reactivation of VZV present in latent form in sensory ganglia (13).Several methods are in use for laboratory diagnosis of VZV infection; (a) virus isolation in cultures, followed by identification of' the isolate by various tests; (b) viral antigen detection by immunofluorescence test of clinical materials; (c) virus particle detection by electron microscopy ; and (d) viral nucleic acid detection using a hybridization technique (7)(8)(9)20).Virus isolation and identification is timeconsuming. In contrast, viral antigen detection from lesions is simple and rapid, and has high sensitivity and specificity. The test, however, can be negative even in clinical cases of VZV infection when only a small amount of viral antigen is

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“…In the test, nucleic acids bound onto a solid phase are detected by labeled DNA probes. The method is specific, sensitive, and relatively rapid, and it also enables the detection of latent infections (9). The use of recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to produce probes in almost unlimited quantities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA was detected by nucleic acid hybridization with ra labeled whole adenovirus DNA (A) and a cloned HindIll in pBR322 (B) as probes and by the enzymatic detection s whole adenovirus DNA probe (C). Positive signals were c specimens 1,3,4,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,15,17,18,20, 2, the original autoradiographs (A and B) and filters (C). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editor’s Letter

Davis¹

2015

JSF

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The presence of adenovirus DNA in clinical specimens was analyzed by nucleic acid hybridization assays by both radioactive and enzymatic detection systems. The sensitivity of the hybridization tests was in the range of 10 to 100 pg of homologous adenovirus DNA. Minimal background was noticed with unrelated viral and nonviral DNA. Twenty-four nasopharyngeal mucus aspirate specimens, collected from children with acute respiratory infection, were assayed in the hybridization tests and also by an enzyme immunoassay for adenovirus hexon antigen which was used as a reference test. Sixteen specimens positive by the enzyme immunoassay also were positive in the two nucleic acid hybridization tests, and the remaining eight specimens were negative in all of the tests. The results indicate that nucleid acid hybridization tests with both radioactive and nonradioactive probes can be used for diagnosis of microbial infections.Nucleic acid hybridization techniques have recently been applied successfully in the detection of several microorganisms (1-3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 18-20). In the test, nucleic acids bound onto a solid phase are detected by labeled DNA probes. The method is specific, sensitive, and relatively rapid, and it also enables the detection of latent infections (9). The use of recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to produce probes in almost unlimited quantities.The disadvantage of the hybridization assays for routine diagnostic use is the need for radioisotopes which have short half-lives and are difficult to handle. Recently a method based on the use of biotinylated probes and the interaction of these with enzyme-conjugated streptavidin has been introduced (12, 13). In the present study this principle was used to detect viral DNA in clinical specimens.MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens. Nasopharyngeal mucus aspirates were collected from children with acute respiratory infection with disposable mucus collectors as described previously (16 pul of sonicated nasopharyngeal mucus specimens were digested with proteinase K (E. Merck AG, Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany) at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml for 1 h at 37°C. The specimens then were extracted with phenolchloroform, and the nucleic acids were concentrated by ethanol precipitation. The pellet was dissolved in 200 pI of 0.3 M NaOH and boiled for 5 min to denature the DNA. The specimens immediately were chilled on ice, neutralized by adding 3 M HCI, and adjusted to contain 6x SSC (1 x SSC is 0.15 M NaCl plus 0.015 M sodium citrate) with a stock solution of 20x SSC.The treated samples were spotted onto nitrocellulose filters (BA 85; Schleicher & Schuell Co., Dassel, Federal Republic of Germany) with a filter manifold. The filters were air dried, baked at 80°C for 1 h, and prehybridized for 1 h at 650C in 6x SSC-5x Denhardt solution (4) supplemented with 0.1 mg of herring sperm DNA per ml, denatured by boiling at an alkaline pH. A 1-p.g amount of the DNA probe was labeled with 32P by nick translation (15) to a specific activity of 107 to 101 cpm/,ug and added ...

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Varicella-zoster virus DNA in human sensory ganglia

Cited by 247 publications

References 11 publications

The epidemiology of varicella–zoster virus infections: a mathematical model

The epidemiology of varicella–zoster virus infections: a mathematical model

Detection of Varicella‐Zoster Virus DNA by Field‐Inversion Gel Electrophoresis

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