Varicocele Is Associated with Impaired Semen Quality and Reproductive Hormone Levels: A Study of 7035 Healthy Young Men from Six European Countries

Damsgaard, Jakob; Joensen, Ulla Nordström; Carlsen, Elisabeth; Ērenpreiss, Juris; Jensen, Martin Blomberg; Matulevičius, Valentinas; Žilaitienė, Birutė; Olesen, Inge A.; Perheentupa, Antti; Punab, Margus; Salzbrunn, Andrea; Toppari, Jorma; Virtanen, Helena E.; Juul, Anders; Skakkebæk, Niels E.; Jørgensen, Niels

doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.044

Cited by 212 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…36 There was no difference in baseline serum testosterone levels in those with varicoceles compared to those without. 36 There are, however, practical considerations to bear in mind with regards to endocrine evaluation in adolescents. This includes defining standard norms for adolescents with varying tanner stages and the cost of testing and multiple blood draws, especially if done pre-and post-procedure.…”

Section: Endocrine Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…34,35 In a recent crosssectional study by Daamsgard et al involving 7035 men (median age 19 years), 1102 (15.7%) men had a palpable varicocele. 36 The presence of a varicocele was associated with higher baseline serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and lower serum inhibin B levels, with a trend towards greater deviation from controls as varicocele grade increased. 36 There was no difference in baseline serum testosterone levels in those with varicoceles compared to those without.…”

Section: Endocrine Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 The presence of a varicocele was associated with higher baseline serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and lower serum inhibin B levels, with a trend towards greater deviation from controls as varicocele grade increased. 36 There was no difference in baseline serum testosterone levels in those with varicoceles compared to those without. 36 There are, however, practical considerations to bear in mind with regards to endocrine evaluation in adolescents.…”

Section: Endocrine Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Varicoceles in the pediatric population: Diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes

Reyes¹,

Locke²,

Afshar³

2017

CUAJ

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Varicocele is commonly encountered in adolescents. There are still many controversies regarding pathophysiology, health effects, clinical significance, and optimum treatment of this condition. This article reviews the current evidence pertaining to children and adolescents with varicocele. This group present a unique and somehow challenging situation, since they are still going through pubertal changes that may confound the effects of the disease and its treatment on the developing testes.

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Section: Endocrine Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Endocrine Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocrine Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Varicoceles in the pediatric population: Diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes

Reyes¹,

Locke²,

Afshar³

2017

CUAJ

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“…The reported prevalence of varicoceles varies but is generally estimated to be approximately 15% (3). Indeed, a recently published, large cross-sectional study of 7,035 unselected young European men with median age of 19 reported a general population prevalence of varicocele to be 15.7% (4). The prevalence increases to up to 50% in men presenting with primary infertility (5,6), and 70% of those with secondary infertility (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of varicocele repair for pain

Owen¹,

McCormick²,

Figler³

et al. 2017

Transl. Androl. Urol.

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A dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum above the testicle, called a varicocele, affects approximately 15% of the general male population. While the majority is asymptomatic, pain results in up to 10% of cases of varicoceles. The pain associated with varicoceles is typically mild and is described as heavy, achy, or dull—and is usually isolated to the testicle or spermatic cord. Guidelines clearly recommend varicocele repair in males with varicoceles, infertility, and an abnormal semen analysis. While chronic, severe pain is an additional indication for repair, a careful evaluation to rule out other etiologies in addition to a period of conservative management are necessary prior to surgical treatment because of the high incidental prevalence of varicoceles in the general population. Several techniques for varicocele repair have been described, including retroperitoneal, laparoscopic, inguinal, and subinguinal. Additionally, recent adjuncts to improve visualization and identification of critical structures including the operating microscope and microvascular Doppler ultrasound have improved success and complication rates. With careful patient selection, outcomes of varicocele repair with regard to pain are excellent, with over 90% of patients experiencing symptomatic relief. After failure of conservative treatments, a varicocele associated with pain should be considered for repair, and the microsurgical subinguinal approach is the gold standard surgical treatment, offering excellent outcomes while minimizing risk of complications.

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“…12 A study conducted by Damsgaard et al reported in relation to oligospermia and varicocele that sperm concentration was negatively associated with the presence and increasing grade of varicocele and was more than halved, at 23 million/mL. 13 Nallella et al did a study to compare the sperm concentration in proven fertile men and male factor infertility patient, the respective value they got is 69.9 and 21.3 with the p value of <0.001. 14 According to WHO, in the revised guidelines, total (progressive and non-progressive motility) of 40% is considered normal in semen analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on semen analysis in the evaluation of male infertility in coastal Karnataka, India

Ganiga

Pujeri

2018

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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INTRODUCTIONInfertility is a condition with psychological, economic, medical implications to the couple resulting in decreasing the quality of life, with a strong emphasis on child bearing. According to WHO infertility is a disease of reproductive system defined by failure to achieve the clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected intercourse. It can also be defined as failure of couple to conceive after 12 months of regular intercourse without the use of contraception in women <35years, and after 6months of regular intercourse without the use of contraception in women >35years.As per the WHO, the overall prevalence of primary infertility ranges between 3.9% and 16.8%. Also, the estimates of infertility vary widely among Indian states from 3.7% in UP, Himachal and Maharashtra, to 5% in AP and 15% in Kashmir. Moreover, the prevalence of primary infertility has also shown to vary across the tribes and castes within the same region in India. 1 It was reported that 40% of infertility cases were related to men, 40% women and 20% both sexes. According to a multicentric study conducted by WHO from 1982 to 1985, 20% of cases were attributed to male factors, 27% had causal factors identified in both the partners. In ABSTRACT Background: According to current recommendation a couple has to be evaluated if they fail to achieve pregnancy within one year of unprotected regular intercourse. The current incidence of infertility is around 15% which is increasing because of various factors including delay in attaining first pregnancy. The male partner evaluation includes detailed history and examination including the sexual history and semen analysis. Observational study performed on patients with primary and secondary infertility. The detailed semen analysis evaluation done in addition to notifying brief sexual history and chronic medical ailments like diabetes. Method: After proper counselling, and obtaining consent, the patients were made to collect the semen sample in a room attached to the andrology lab. Detailed evaluation of each sample was done. Prior to this procedure, relevant information like occupation, age of the patient, duration of abstinence, coitus frequency and presence of chronic medical ailments like, diabetes mellitus and chronic hypertension were noted. Results: The study, done in a tertiary care centre in coastal Karnataka, revealed that a majority of the patients were in the age group of 25-30 years with a larger group of patients having liquefaction time of <20minutes and 25% were in the oligospermia group. Conclusions: Semen analysis is an indispensable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the male partner of infertile couples in addition to brief sexual history and occupational history.

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Varicocele Is Associated with Impaired Semen Quality and Reproductive Hormone Levels: A Study of 7035 Healthy Young Men from Six European Countries

Cited by 212 publications

References 48 publications

Varicoceles in the pediatric population: Diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes

Varicoceles in the pediatric population: Diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes

A review of varicocele repair for pain

Study on semen analysis in the evaluation of male infertility in coastal Karnataka, India

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