Varicose veins are associated with an increased risk of mitral valve regurgitation: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Lee, Meng-Lin; Chou, Wan-Yun; Kao, Yi-Wei; Chen, Mingchih; Shia, Ben‐Chang; Lee, Pei-Shyuan; Chen, Thay-Hsiung; Lin, Ting-Yuan; Huang, Shucheng; Su, Yen-Bo; Chiu, Wei-Che

doi:10.23736/s0392-9590.23.05053-8

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Previous observational studies have suggested an elevated risk of HF in patients with varicose veins. [8–13] Consistent with those findings, LDSC in our study showed that genetically predicted varicose veins were associated with increased susceptibility to heart failure, and MR analysis further a strong causal effect of varicose veins on the risk of heart failure in individuals of European descent. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses confirmed the positive association between these 2 conditions, and the causal effect of varicose veins on HF was found to be independent of confounding factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For instance, the first follow-up study was Framingham Study on varicose veins and HF. [8] Subsequent cross-sectional cohort studies on the association between varicose veins and HF [9–13] found that patients with varicose veins had a higher prevalence of HF those without varicose veins after age and sex adjustments, and a significantly increased risk of mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between varicose veins and heart failure: A genetic correlation and mendelian randomization study

Guo,

Fang,

Wang

2024

Medicine

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Varicose veins and heart failure (HF) are increasingly prevalent. Although numbers of observational studies have indicated that varicose veins might contribute to the risk of HF, the causal relationship between them remains unclear due to the uncontrolled confounding factors and reverse causation bias. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between varicose veins and HF. Based on publicly released genome-wide association studies (GWAS), gene correlation was assessed using linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression, and we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis to infer the causal relationship. We performed the Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis, and used Weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods to detect and correct for horizontal pleiotropy. LDSC revealed there was a positive genetic correlation between varicose veins and HF (rg = 0.1726184, Se = 0.04511803, P = .0001). The results of the IVW method indicated that genetically predicted varicose veins were associated with an increased risk of HF (odds ratio (OR) = 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.06; P = .009). Our findings illustrated the significant causal effect of varicose veins on HF, suggesting that people with varicose veins might have a higher risk of HF. The results provided a novel and important perspective into the development mechanism of HF.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%