Varicose veins in the lower extremities in relation to occupational mechanical exposures: a longitudinal study

Abstract

The results suggested an increased risk of surgery for VV in relation to prolonged standing/walking and heavy lifting and a preventive potential of more than 60% of all cases in exposed occupations.

Inguinal hernia repair among men in relation to occupational mechanical exposures and lifestyle factors: a longitudinal study

“…The JEM cross-tabulates 121 homogeneously exposed job groups with the mean of five experts’ ratings of the number of hours/day spent standing/walking, the total load lifted (kg/day) and the daily frequency of lifting loads weighing ≥20 kg in each job group. Standing/walking was categorised as <4 (reference), 4–<6 and 6–≤7.3 hours/day 24. The daily frequency of lifting loads weighing ≥20 kg was categorised as <2 (reference), 2–<11 and 11–≤89 lifts/day.…”

Standing Posture at Work Does Not Increase the Risk of Varicose Veins among Health Care Providers in Taiwan

“…Prolonged standing or walking due to occupational exposure has been suggested to be a cause of VV [2,11,12] . In a longitudinal study with a large sample size in Denmark, workers who stood or walked for 6-7.3 h had a significantly higher risk of surgery of VV than workers who stood or worked for less than 4 h (adjusted hazard ratio 3.17 in men and 2.34 in women) [2] .…”

“…In a longitudinal study with a large sample size in Denmark, workers who stood or walked for 6-7.3 h had a significantly higher risk of surgery of VV than workers who stood or worked for less than 4 h (adjusted hazard ratio 3.17 in men and 2.34 in women) [2] . In a study assessing VV risk among hairdressers, the monthly work involved 261-360 standing hours and had an odds ratio (OR) of 31.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 25-120) [12] .…”

“…A descriptive clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathophysiological classification provides an orderly framework for communication and decision making [1] . The pathogenesis of VV involves valve incompetence and venous wall dilation due to venous hypertension [2,3] . The Framingham Study reported that the annual incidence of VV was 2.6% among women and 1.9% among men in the USA [1,4] .…”

“…Varicose veins (VV) of the lower extremities are dilated, palpable, subcutaneous veins with a diameter of more than 3-4 mm [1,2] , and they are classified as class C2 among chronic venous diseases [1,2] . In addition to VV, chronic venous diseases have other clinical manifestations such as telangiectasias, swelling, pigmentation, lipodermatosclerosis, and ulcer [1] .…”