Varied effects of conventional antiepileptics on responding maintained by negative versus positive reinforcement

Roberts, Celeste; Harvey, Mark T.; May, Michael; Valdovinos, Maria G.; Patterson, Tina G; Couppis, Maria H.; Kennedy, Craig H.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.001

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The basic literature provides some guidance in this respect. For example, Roberts et al () established that anticonvulsants differentially affect lever‐pressing behavior in rats when the response was controlled by either positive reinforcement or avoidance. Yet, in the applied literature, it remains a question as to whether medications alter either the function of behavior with some degree of specificity or a neurobehavioral mechanism (Crosland et al, ; Danov et al, ; Zarcone et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between behavior function and psychotropic medication

Cox

Virués‐Ortega

2015

J of App Behav Analysis

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We reanalyzed published studies that reported functional analyses conducted in the presence and absence of medication. In Analysis 1, we assessed the overall effect of psychotropic medication on problem behavior. Medication had a reductive effect in 29 of the 37 sets of functional analyses reviewed. The magnitude of the effect was associated with the baseline level of responding according to a rate‐dependency function. Analysis 2 examined medication‐induced changes in behavior function. The introduction of medication was followed by the emergence of a new function (1), a change in functions (1), the subtraction of one function in multiply controlled problem behavior (2), and near‐zero levels of responding (6). Thus, in 4 of 37 cases reviewed, medication may have induced function‐specific changes in problem behavior. We discuss the implications of these findings for a closer collaboration between behavior analysts and prescribing professionals in the treatment of problem behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between behavior function and psychotropic medication

Cox

Virués‐Ortega

2015

J of App Behav Analysis

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“…Salient feature of curcumin is that exhibits strong antioxidant activity, comparable to vitamin C and E and it was shown to be a potent scavenger of a variety of reactive oxygen species (Eybl et al, 2008). In its capacity it also assists generating endogenous antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH (Suresh and Srinivasan, 2007;Roberts et al, 2008). Our results demonstrate that pretreatment of rats with curcumin lower the hepatic damages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Biochemical Investigations on the Protective Role of Curcumin in Liver Damage by Chloroquine

Saifi¹,

Alyousif²,

Ahmed³

2015

International J. of Pharmacology

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A B S T R A C TThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of curcumin on hepatic biochemical status of CQ-induced Wistar rat. It has been shown that CQ administration brought about a significant changes in antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activities, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was found to be significantly increased following CQ treatment. Lipid Per Oxidation (LPO) was found to be elevated in a significant manner in the CQ treated group as compared to control. Serum values of ALT were utilized to evaluate liver injury. The CQ administration increased serum values of ALT about 3 fold compared to those in CON rats, while pretreatment with curcumin significantly inhibit the increase of this enzyme induced by CQ. Significant decrease in activities of Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GSHpx) was observed in liver homogenates treated with CQ only after getting pretreatment with curcumin these activities were normal. Results also showed that liver homogenates of rat treated with CQ contained higher level of MDA as well as protein carbonyl contents when compared with control values. These concentration levels decreased significantly in the group that received CQ with curcumin.

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“…Based on a free operant differential outcomes effect, a study showed that the response sensitivity to the relatively obtained reinforcement rate in a concurrent scheduled task separated in the heterogeneous condition (positive vs. negative reinforcement) rather than in the homogeneous condition (positive vs. positive reinforcement) ( Magoon et al, 2017 ). Pharmacological researches on rats showed that conventional antiepileptics were more effective in reducing positively reinforced behavior than in negative avoidance schedules ( Roberts et al, 2008 ). In short, though sometimes not in the behavior level, the difference between positive and negative reinforcement exists in the underlying neural mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional State and Feedback-Related Negativity Induced by Positive, Negative, and Combined Reinforcement

Sun

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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Reinforcement learning relies on the reward prediction error (RPE) signals conveyed by the midbrain dopamine system. Previous studies showed that dopamine plays an important role in both positive and negative reinforcement. However, whether various reinforcement processes will induce distinct learning signals is still unclear. In a probabilistic learning task, we examined RPE signals in different reinforcement types using an electrophysiology index, namely, the feedback-related negativity (FRN). Ninety-four participants were randomly assigned into four groups: base (no money incentive), positive reinforcement (presentation of money rewards), negative reinforcement (removal of money losses), and combined reinforcement (money rewards and removal of money losses) groups. In addition, in order to evaluate the engagement of emotional activity in the different reinforcement processes, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS-X) scales were applied before and after the experiment to detect the emotional changes. The results showed that there was no difference between groups in the dopamine-related learning bias. However, compared to the other three groups, negative reinforcement elicited smaller FRN (the difference-wave measure) during the learning, stronger positive affect and joviality, and less fatigue after the learning, in which the difference between the negative and positive reinforcement groups was smaller. The results indicated that pure avoidance motivation may induce distinct emotional fluctuations, which influence the feedback processing.

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Varied effects of conventional antiepileptics on responding maintained by negative versus positive reinforcement

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Interactions between behavior function and psychotropic medication

Interactions between behavior function and psychotropic medication

Biochemical Investigations on the Protective Role of Curcumin in Liver Damage by Chloroquine

Emotional State and Feedback-Related Negativity Induced by Positive, Negative, and Combined Reinforcement

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