Varieties of Confidence Intervals

Cousineau, Denis

doi:10.5709/acp-0214-z

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The upper two lines indicate the results of congruent direction and incongruent direction, respectively, and the dotted line below indicates congruency effect (the response rate for congruent direction -the response rate for incongruent direction; *p , 0.05, **p , 0.01). The error bars represent within-subjects 95% confidence intervals (Cousineau, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants tended to perceive CO1 or CO2 as the cause when it (either CO1 or CO2) moved in a direction similar to that of EO. The error bars represent within-subjects 95% confidence intervals (Cousineau, 2017). experiment because of drowsiness, and the data were not included.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to this experimental The PSSs statistically differ for the 17-ms condition but not for the 300-ms condition for both ''CO1 first'' responses and ''CO2 first'' responses. The error bars represent within-subjects 95% confidence intervals (Cousineau, 2017).…”

Section: Stimuli and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of good continuation on the contact order judgment of causal events

Ryu

2018

Journal of Vision

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When a ball on a pool table moves to hit another ball, people feel the causal impression between the two balls: The first ball causes the second ball's motion, which is known as the launching effect. Previous research has shown that the causal impression becomes stronger when the two balls have a similar direction of movement. Here, we tested whether this good continuation influenced perception of the contact time between the causal object and the effect object. A variant of Michotte's visual collision event was used as a stimulus, consisting of two competing cause objects and one effect object. In the display, the two cause objects on the left begin to move and contact the effect object in the center, causing it to move. In Experiments 1 to 4, the contact order of the cause objects and the motion direction of the effect object were systematically varied. The observers were asked to judge which of the cause objects had a more causal relationship and made contact first. The results showed that the observers were more likely to judge a cause object as having a more causal relationship with the effect object when there was good continuation, and they often erroneously judged the cause object as having first contacted the effect object; this effect was maintained with up to approximately 100 ms of delay after contact. These results suggest that good continuation is an important cue that postdictively determines perception of the contact time of a cause object in a short time window.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of good continuation on the contact order judgment of causal events

Ryu

2018

Journal of Vision

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“…Participants were more accurate when performing subtractions with a spatio-temporal asynchronous operand presentation when the second operand appeared in the upper-left space (m = .80, s = .13) and upper-right space (m = .78, s = .26) than & Cousineau, 2014; for a standard terminology for SE and CI, see Cousineau, 2017) in the lower-left space (m = .73, s = .26) and lower-right space (m = .71, s = .25). These patterns suggest a main effect of verticality on subtraction accuracy, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When combined spatial polarities activated through spatio-temporal asynchrony lead to better mathematical reasoning for addition

et al. 2018

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Several recent studies have supported the existence of a link between spatial processing and some aspects of mathematical reasoning, including mental arithmetic. Some of these studies suggested that people are more accurate when performing arithmetic operations for which the operands appeared in the lower-left and upper-right spaces than in the upper-left and lower-right spaces. However, this cross-over Horizontality × Verticality interaction effect on arithmetic accuracy was only apparent for multiplication, not for addition. In these studies, the authors used a spatio-temporal synchronous operand presentation in which all the operands appeared simultaneously in the same part of space along the horizontal and vertical dimensions. In the present paper, we report studies designed to investigate whether these results can be generalized to mental arithmetic tasks using a spatio-temporal asynchronous operand presentation. We present three studies in which participants had to solve addition (Study 1a), subtraction (Study 1b), and multiplication (Study 2) in which the operands appeared successively at different locations along the horizontal and vertical dimensions. We found that the cross-over Horizontality × Verticality interaction effect on arithmetic accuracy emerged for addition but not for subtraction and multiplication. These results are consistent with our predictions derived from the spatial polarity correspondence account and suggest interesting directions for the study of the link between spatial processing and mental arithmetic performances.

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“…Each participant did both lists, the first 2 blocks were Results obtained in the present replication (full lines) and in the original Waugh and Norman (1965) study (dashed line). The proportion of correct answers is presented as a function of the number of interfering items; error bars shows correlation and difference-adjusted 95% confidence intervals of the mean (Cousineau, 2017). There are no error bars on the original study because the raw data are not available.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Replication of Waugh and Norman (1965) Primary Memory study

Poitras¹,

Péléja²,

Lavertu³

et al. 2020

TQMP

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Waugh & Norman's experiment (1965) is among the most influential studies in the field of cognitive psychology. Using a probe digit memory test, they proposed that the proportion of correctly remembered items, digits in this case, depends on the number of interfering items shown between the recall item and the signal, or probe, identifying the recall target. This indicates that interference alone accounts for forgetting in short-term memory. The following study aimed to replicate these results with greater statistical power as the original study used a small sample of 4 participants. In a second study, we used shorter lists to examine potential effects of the relative difficulty of the task. Both studies' results partially support Waugh & Norman's claim, as participants were more likely to recall a digit that was followed by fewer interfering items. Additionally, we observed an interaction involving presentation rate and interference, as participants performed best with a low amount of interfering items presented at 1 item per second. However, lists with a higher number of interfering items (7 and above) had similar correct recall proportion regardless of the presentation rate. These findings further support the prevalence of interference theory over the decay theory but also call for a closer look at the possible interaction between the two. Future studies should examine the latter as well as the possible effect of cognitive fatigue due to the difficulty of the task, underlining the importance of replication studies.

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Varieties of Confidence Intervals

Cited by 56 publications

References 63 publications

The effect of good continuation on the contact order judgment of causal events

The effect of good continuation on the contact order judgment of causal events

When combined spatial polarities activated through spatio-temporal asynchrony lead to better mathematical reasoning for addition

A Replication of Waugh and Norman (1965) Primary Memory study

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