Variety, time of harvest and conditions during growing season have impact on red clover isoflavone content

Mustonen, Eeva; Tuori, Mikko; Kurki, Päivi; Isolahti, Mika; Taponen, Juhani; Vanhatalo, Aila

doi:10.23986/afsci.69781

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…However, in all samples the detected average concentrations of ISF are in the medium to high mg/kg range. In silage samples that are composed of clover, grass, and cocksfoot, the prevalent ISF are formononetin and biochanin A and this in accordance with previous reports [100,169].…”

Section: Occurrence 41 Literaturesupporting

confidence: 93%

Isoflavones in Animals: Metabolism and Effects in Livestock and Occurrence in Feed

Grgic

Varga

Novak³

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Soybeans are a common ingredient of animal feed. They contain isoflavones, which are known to act as phytoestrogens in animals. Isoflavones were described to have beneficial effects on farm animals. However, there are also reports of negative outcomes after the consumption of isoflavones. This review summarizes the current knowledge of metabolization of isoflavones (including the influence of the microbiome, phase I and phase II metabolism), as well as the distribution of isoflavones and their metabolites in tissues. Furthermore, published studies on effects of isoflavones in livestock species (pigs, poultry, ruminants, fish) are reviewed. Moreover, published studies on occurrence of isoflavones in feed materials and co-occurrence with zearalenone are presented and are supplemented with our own survey data.

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Section: Occurrence 41 Literaturesupporting

confidence: 93%

Isoflavones in Animals: Metabolism and Effects in Livestock and Occurrence in Feed

Grgic

Varga

Novak³

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…Phytoestrogens, largely the isoflavone class, have been observed to influence antioxidant and immune capacity in cattle [ 48 ]. Daidzein (an isoflavone) has been observed to significantly increase serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), M (IgM) and A (IgA) [ 49 ].…”

Section: Effects On Antioxidant and Immune Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens: A Review of Their Impacts on Reproductive Physiology and Other Effects upon Grazing Livestock

Wyse

Latif

Gurusinghe

et al. 2022

Animals

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Legume crops and pastures have a high economic value in Australia. However, legume species commonly used for grazing enterprises have been identified to produce high concentrations of phytoestrogens. These compounds are heterocyclic phenolic, and are similar in structure to the mammalian estrogen, 17β-estradiol. The biological activity of the various phytoestrogen types; isoflavones, lignans and coumestans, are species-specific, although at concentrations of 25 mg/kg of dry matter each of the phytoestrogen types affect reproductive functions in grazing livestock. The impacts upon fertility in grazing livestock such as cattle and sheep, vary greatly over length of exposure time, age and health of animal and the stress stimuli the plant is exposed to. More recently, research into the other effects that phytoestrogens may have upon metabolism, immune capacity and growth and performance of grazing livestock has been conducted. Potential new benefits for using these phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and genistein, have been identified by observing the stimulation of production in lymphocytes and other antibody cells. Numerous isoflavones have also been recognized to promote protein synthesis, increase the lean meat ratio, and increase weight gain in cattle and sheep. In Australia, the high economic value of legumes as pasture crops in sheep and cattle production enterprises requires proactive management strategies to mitigate risk associated with potential loss of fertility associated with inclusion of pasture legumes as forages for grazing livestock.

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“…Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a very important perennial forage legume characterized by a high productivity (Murray et al 2007, Mustonen et al 2018) and a high nutritive value (Asci 2012), and it is used as hay, haylage and silage in animal nutrition. It is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and grows well on different types of soil (Leto et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein and carbohydrate profiles of a diploid and a tetraploid red clover cultivar

Marković

Lazarevic

Bekčić

et al. 2022

AFSci

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Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is characterized by high dry matter (DM) yield and a high nutritive value. It has a higher concentration of soluble carbohydrate than lucerne and its protein is less degradable in the rumen than lucerne protein. The aim of this study was to quantify the main crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions of a tetraploid (4n, cv K-32) and a diploid (2n, cv K-39) red clover cultivar harvested at three stages of development in the spring growth. Results showed that the cultivar and stage of development had a large impact on chemical composition and the protein and carbohydrate fractions determined by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). The rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA) was significantly higher in the tetraploid (272 to 287 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development) than in the diploid red clover cultivar (214 to 268 g kg-1 CP). Rumen degradable carbohydrate concentration was not affected by cultivar but it was significantly influenced by the stage of development. The concentration of rumen degradable protein decreased from 726 to 655 g kg-1 CP with advancing plant development in the diploid red clover cultivar. In conclusion, the tetraploid red clover cultivar was higher in CP, its protein was more rapidly degradable, and it was characterized by lower concentrations of lignin and unavailable carbohydrate fractions than the diploid cultivar.

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Variety, time of harvest and conditions during growing season have impact on red clover isoflavone content

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Isoflavones in Animals: Metabolism and Effects in Livestock and Occurrence in Feed

Isoflavones in Animals: Metabolism and Effects in Livestock and Occurrence in Feed

Phytoestrogens: A Review of Their Impacts on Reproductive Physiology and Other Effects upon Grazing Livestock

Protein and carbohydrate profiles of a diploid and a tetraploid red clover cultivar

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