Variograms for Functional Data

Abstract

In several applications, data are collected as functions observed at a set of locations of a region, inducing spatially correlated functional data. The analysis of such data is performed by adapting and extending the spatial statistical tools for functional data. The variogram is a very popular measure for describing the spatial covariance structure of a spatial process. This article focuses on the extension of variograms for functional data and provides a review for the computation and estimation of different types of functional variograms.