Various demand side management techniques and its role in smart grid–the state of art

Abstract

The current lifestyle of humanity relies heavily on energy consumption, thus rendering it an inevitable need. An ever-increasing demand for energy has resulted from the increasing population. Most of this demand is met by the traditional sources that continuously deplete and raise significant environmental issues. The existing power structure of developing nations is aging, unstable, and unfeasible, further prolonging the problem. The existing electricity grid is unstable, vulnerable to blackouts and disruption, has high transmission losses, low quality of power, insufficient electricity supply, and discourages distributed energy sources from being incorporated. Mitigating these problems requires a complete redesign of the system of power distribution. The modernization of the electric grid, i.e., the smart grid, is an emerging combination of different technologies designed to bring about the electrical power grid that is changing dramatically. Demand side management (DSM) allow customers to be more involved in contributors to the power systems to achieve system goals by scheduling their shiftable load. Effective DSM systems require the participation of customers in the system that can be done in a fair system. This paper focuses primarily on techniques of DSM and demand responses (DR), including scheduling approaches and strategies for optimal savings.

A heuristic optimization approach for the scheduling home appliances

“…For instance, after a washing machine starts up, it continues to run constantly until the designated end time, 𝔓 6 is formulated. 𝓉𝓈 is the devices starting time (19) and ( 20) [40]- [48].…”

A Day Ahead Electrical Appliance Planning of Residential Units in a Smart Home Network Using ITS-BF Algorithm

“…e Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFA) was introduced in 2002 [15] and is a relatively new model for solving optimization problems inspired by the social behavior of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is present in the human intestine. For many organisms, finding food includes steps such as gathering members into certain groups and trying to find food and gathering and consuming it at the most optimal time while minimizing the risk of being attacked and injured by predators or assailant groups.…”

“…Simultaneous charging of batteries may cause a sudden overload of distribution equipment, especially if it occurs during peak consumption, which leads to congestion in the distribution system. erefore, with proper planning, the destructive effects of these cars can be reduced to the lowest possible level [15]. e electricity prices at the time of use are a great factor in the optimal use of household loads with the presence of electric vehicles and energy storage devices [15].…”

“…erefore, with proper planning, the destructive effects of these cars can be reduced to the lowest possible level [15]. e electricity prices at the time of use are a great factor in the optimal use of household loads with the presence of electric vehicles and energy storage devices [15]. Energy storage devices and electric cars have the possibility of energy interaction between the smart home and the distribution network.…”

Optimal scheduling and demand response implementation for home energy management

“…Technologies that allow automatic adjusting of demand by some programmed or learned rules in response to price signals while maintaining consumer comfort is known as optimal load shifting [1]. By enabling consumers to plan their shiftable load, demand side management increases their participation in helping the power utility achieve system objectives [2]. The utility's various dynamic pricing schemes for consumers can help to manage electricity costs, peak load reduction, and peak to average ratio improvement.…”