Various Extraction Techniques of Curcumin─A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Curcumin, the active component of the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is a safe substance whose applications are extensively used in medicinal, biological, pharmacological activities, and food cosmetic additives. In the field of medicine, curcuminoids have a greater impact; they have been associated with the suppression of neuropathic pain, depression, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, diabetes, and diseases of the liver, skin, and pulmonary systems, as well as cardiovascular and nervous systems. These are in high demand and have high market potential and inflated costs. For the aforementioned uses, as well as for basic research, it is crucial to get pure curcumin from plant sources. There is a need for effective extraction and purification techniques that adhere to standards for process efficiency, environmental friendliness, and safety. Scope: This account offers an accurate and thorough explanation of the many techniques used to extract and purify curcumin from plant sources, as well as a look at its various roles in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, medical, and other industries. Curcumin’s prospective and commercial roles are also discussed. Key findings: Curcuminoids have been extracted and purified by using a broad range of techniques that are utilized extensively across the world. Extraction of curcuminoids includes both traditional and contemporary approaches, of which a handful include Soxhlet extraction, maceration, solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and supercritical liquid extraction. The other process called purification can be performed alone or in combination with techniques. The use of column chromatography and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography are examples of traditional purification procedures, and other innovative methods include high-speed counter-current chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography.

Curcumin and Resveratrol: Nutraceuticals with so Much Potential for Pseudoachondroplasia and Other ER-Stress Conditions

“…Both resveratrol and curcumin are classified as supplements; the United States Federal FDA does not regulate these products. While this may be advantageous to some manufacturers as it eliminates the FDA regulatory burden, the lack of stringent regulations for supplements leads to considerable variations in formulations and concentrations of specific compounds in the product [133]. Our analysis using mass spectroscopy on five different commercially available resveratrol preparations revealed substantial disparities between the reported concentrations and the concentrations measured with mass spectroscopy.…”

Application of two-level factorial design in optimization of maceration extraction of Curcuma longa curcuminoids extracts

“…The previous studies have demonstrated a broad variation in the extraction factor range. Maceration, also referred to as solid-liquid extraction or "soaking," is a commonly utilized and well-known method for extracting solvents from solid substances [25]. A study conducted by Yulianto et al obtained a higher EY of curcumin using a solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.1 g/mL [23].…”

“…However, we did not come across no studies have employed a two-level factorial design to enhance the extraction of curcuminoid compounds from C. longa rhizomes. The previous research has demonstrated that various solid-to-liquid ratios, ethanol concentrations, and extraction times can be independently utilized to achieve satisfactory outcomes when attempting to extract curcuminoid compounds [2,15,[22][23][24][25][26]. To optimize the extraction process, we employed a two-level factorial design to determine the most effective combination of solid/liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and maceration time for the extraction of curcuminoids from turmeric rhizomes.…”