Various Possible Toxicants Involved in Thyroid Dysfunction: A Review

Bajaj, Jagminder Kaur; Salwan, Poonam; Salwan, Shalini

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/15195.7092

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…10 These, if consumed in considerable quantities may contribute to development of goiter but it is difficult to incriminate them as etiologic factors in vast majority of goitrous patients. 35 In the present study, there was an overall increased consumption of goitrogenic food in study participants. This may be due to overall diet pattern of this rural area favouring vegetables.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Iodine status and its determinants in subpopulation of pregnant women in rural Central India

Tayade¹,

Chhabra²

2018

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: There is an increased demand for iodine and thyroid hormones, in pregnancy starting from the early weeks of pregnancy suggesting that there may be a need for additional supplements of iodine in high risk population to prevent iodine deficiency and its associated disorders. Hence this study was undertaken to determine the iodine status and its determinants in a subpopulation of pregnant women from a rural area of Central India.Methods: A hospital based, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out among pregnant women seeking antenatal care at Kasturba Hospital of MGIMS, Sewagram, a rural tertiary care institute in central India. Information was collected about demographic variables, use of iodized salt, iodine rich food and goitrogens as part of diet and other determinants. Spot urine samples were obtained, and assessment of urine iodine concentration was done by using Sandell-Kolthoff reaction.Results: Among 250 pregnant women of first trimester, iodine deficiency (ID) was present in 11.8 %, of which 59.25% had mild deficiency, 33.33% moderate deficiency and 7.4% severe deficiency. More women with iodine deficiency were of higher age, had less formal education and belonged to lower middle and lower economic class. Higher number of women with iodine deficiency had family history of thyroid disorders compared to iodine sufficient (18.51% versus 5.58%), more iodine deficient commonly had goitrogens (cabbage, cauliflower, radish, sweet potato, soya etc) as part of their meals (77.77% versus 68.60%), lesser women with ID ate iodine rich food (fish, milk yoghurt, bread) (18.51% versus 68.60%) and fewer of them used iodized salt during food preparation (25.92% versus 69.95%) compared to iodine sufficient, with a significant difference.Conclusions: Iodine deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women in this geographic region of central India. Age, low socioeconomic status, lack of education, family history, low intake of iodized salt and iodine rich food and more consumption of goitrogenic food as part of diet are risk factors. Appropriate health education, promoting use of iodized salt, quality assurance of universal salt iodization by household survey and screening in high risk group is suggested.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Iodine status and its determinants in subpopulation of pregnant women in rural Central India

Tayade¹,

Chhabra²

2018

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…More birds with thyroid gland follicular hyperplasia were present in the dermally dosed group than in the control group. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the follicular epithelial cells may be in response to direct effects of crude oil constituents on the thyroid gland (BaJaJ et al, 2016) or increased need for thyroid hormones. Feather damage reduces insulation quality and increases metabolic heat production.…”

Section: Dermal Dosing Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ weights and histopathology of double-crested cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auritus ) dosed orally or dermally with artificially weathered Mississippi Canyon 252 crude oil

Harr¹,

Reavill

Bursian

et al. 2017

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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A series of toxicity tests were conducted to assess the effects of low to moderate exposure to artificially weathered Deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon 252 crude oil on representative avian species as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment. The present report summarizes effects of oral exposure (n=26) of double-crested cormorants (DCCO; Phalacrocorax auritus) to 5 or 10ml oil kg day for up to 21 days or dermal application (n=25) of 13ml oil to breast and back feathers every three days totaling 6 applications in 21 days on organ weights and histopathology. Absolute and relative kidney and liver weights were increased in birds exposed to oil. Additionally, gross and/or histopathologic lesions occurred in the kidney, heart, pancreas and thyroid. Clinically significant renal lesions in the orally dosed birds included squamous metaplasia and increased epithelial hypertrophy of the collecting ducts and renal tubules and mineralization in comparison to controls. Gross cardiac lesions including thin walls and flaccid musculature were documented in both orally and dermally dosed birds and myocardial fibrosis was found in low numbers of dermally dosed birds only. Cytoplasmic vacuolation of the exocrine pancreas was noted in orally dosed birds only. Thyroid follicular hyperplasia was increased in dermally dosed birds only possibly due to increased metabolism required to compensate damaged feather integrity and thermoregulate. Gastrointestinal ulceration was found in orally dosed birds only. There were no significant hepatic histopathologic lesions induced by either exposure route. Therefore, hepatic histopathology is likely not a good representation of oil-induced damage. Taken together, the results suggest that oral or dermal exposure of DCCOs to artificially weathered MC252 crude oil induced organ damage that could potentially affect survivability.

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“…According to some epidemiological studies in some populations, the prevalence of hypothyroidism reaches 10-12 % [1,[6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correcting Effect of Aqueous Extract From Duckweed Lemna Minorfrond on Morphological State of Thyroid Gland in Rats With Hypothyroidism

Кононенко

Кравченко

2016

EUREKA: Life Sciences

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The present work studied the effect of aqueous extract from duckweed Lemna minor frond on morphological state of the thyroid gland in the experimental hypothyroidism. Healthy albino rats weighing between 120 g and 150 g were used. The animalswere randomly allotted into four groups, each containing ten rats respectively. Three of the groups (II, III and IV) induced with hypothyroidism by 1 % solution of sodium perchlorate with drinking water for 20 days. Control (vehicle) rats were given normal saline. After 20 days hypothyroid groups (III and IV) of rats treated with aqueous extract from duckweed Lemna minor frond at a dose 0.5 ml/100 g of body weight and with Iodomarin 200 (reference drug) at a dose 12 µg/kg daily orally for 21 days. Results obtained from the study showed that the introduction of sodium perchlorate leads to morphological and functional changes in the structure of the thyroid gland in rats, accompanied by sings of hyperplastic tissue proliferation and corresponds with hypofunctional state. It was established that introduction of aqueous extract from duckweed Lemna minor frond has a positive effect on the restructuring of the thyroid gland in rats with hypothyroidism, increasing its functional activity. There is a decrease of proliferative processes by extrafolliсular epithelium and thyrocytes in the follicles. The outer diameter of follicles decreased by 7.65 % (P>0.05), the height and size of thyrocytes in the wall of the follicle were significantly decreased by 58.16 % and 18 41 %, respectively, compared to untreated hypothyroid group. The obtained results have practical significance for the development of drugs with thyroid-stimulating action for preventing or delaying the development of hypothyroidism and its complications.

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Various Possible Toxicants Involved in Thyroid Dysfunction: A Review

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

Iodine status and its determinants in subpopulation of pregnant women in rural Central India

Iodine status and its determinants in subpopulation of pregnant women in rural Central India

Organ weights and histopathology of double-crested cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auritus ) dosed orally or dermally with artificially weathered Mississippi Canyon 252 crude oil

Correcting Effect of Aqueous Extract From Duckweed Lemna Minorfrond on Morphological State of Thyroid Gland in Rats With Hypothyroidism

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