VARV B22R homologue as phylogenetic marker gene for Capripoxvirus classification and divergence time dating

Mishra, Bina; Mondal, Piyali; Patel, Chhabi Lal; Zafir, Insha; Gangwar, Rachna; Singh, Neha; Sonowal, Joyshikh; Bisht, Deepanker; Sahu, Anamika; Baig, Mumtaz; Sajjanar, Basavaraj; Singh, Raj Kumar; Gandham, Ravi Kumar

doi:10.1007/s11262-018-1613-9

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several members of the B22 family have been implicated as critical poxviral virulence factors [ 56 , 60 , 74 , 75 ] but interestingly, various lines of evidence suggest that different members of the B22 family have distinct mechanisms of action despite relatively high conservation at the sequence level. The Früh lab has demonstrated that the MPXV B22 family protein, MPXV197, is capable of inhibiting both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells [ 60 ], in contrast to our work with C15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectromelia-encoded virulence factor C15 specifically inhibits antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells post peptide loading

et al. 2020

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Smallpox and monkeypox pose severe threats to human health. Other orthopoxviruses are comparably virulent in their natural hosts, including ectromelia, the cause of mousepox. Disease severity is linked to an array of immunomodulatory proteins including the B22 family, which has homologs in all pathogenic orthopoxviruses but not attenuated vaccine strains. We demonstrate that the ectromelia B22 member, C15, is necessary and sufficient for selective inhibition of CD4 + but not CD8 + T cell activation by immunogenic peptide and superantigen. Inhibition is achieved not by down-regulation of surface MHC- II or co-stimulatory protein surface expression but rather by interference with antigen presentation. The appreciable outcome is interference with CD4 + T cell synapse formation as determined by imaging studies and lipid raft disruption. Consequently, CD4 + T cell activating stimulus shifts to uninfected antigen-presenting cells that have received antigen from infected cells. This work provides insight into the immunomodulatory strategies of orthopoxviruses by elucidating a mechanism for specific targeting of CD4 + T cell activation, reflecting the importance of this cell type in control of the virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectromelia-encoded virulence factor C15 specifically inhibits antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells post peptide loading

et al. 2020

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“…Sheeppox (variola ovina) is an infectious viral disease of ovine caused by sheeppox virus of the genus Capripoxvirus and family Poxviridae (Babiuk et al 2008;Hamdi et al 2021). With 148 protein-coding genes and a genome size of 150 kb, SPPV is categorized under nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (Mishra et al 2019). The genes of SPPV are conserved across the genus, but the nature of infection of pox virus is host-specific (McFadden 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With 148 protein‐coding genes and a genome size of 150 kb, SPPV is categorized under nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (Mishra et al . 2019). The genes of SPPV are conserved across the genus, but the nature of infection of pox virus is host‐specific (McFadden 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal dysregulation of genes in lamb testis cell during sheeppox virus infection

Sonowal

Patel

Gandham

et al. 2022

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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The present study was aimed to elucidate the host–virus interactions using RNA‐Seq analysis at 1 h and 8 h of post‐infection of sheeppox virus (SPPV) in lamb testis cell. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the underlying mechanisms linked to the host immune responses were obtained. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) illustrated the interaction between the DEGs and their involvement in cell signalling responses. Highly connected hubs viz. AURKA, CHEK1, CCNB2, CDC6 and MAPK14 were identified through PPI network analysis. IPA analysis showed that IL‐6‐ and ERK5‐mediated signalling pathways were highly enriched at both time points. The TP53 gene was identified to be the leading upstream regulator that directly responded to SPPV infection, resulting in downregulation at both time points. The study provides an overview of how the lamb testis genes and their underlying mechanisms link to growth and immune response during SPPV infection.

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Multiple accurate and sensitive arrays for Capripoxvirus (CaPV) differentiation

Cao

Xiong

Shi³

et al. 2023

Analytica Chimica Acta

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VARV B22R homologue as phylogenetic marker gene for Capripoxvirus classification and divergence time dating

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Ectromelia-encoded virulence factor C15 specifically inhibits antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells post peptide loading

Ectromelia-encoded virulence factor C15 specifically inhibits antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells post peptide loading

Temporal dysregulation of genes in lamb testis cell during sheeppox virus infection

Multiple accurate and sensitive arrays for Capripoxvirus (CaPV) differentiation

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