Vascular and Parameningeal Infections of the Head and Neck

Laupland, Kevin B.

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.03.011

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The prognosis of CSF has improved and its current mortality rate is about 30% (2) , although survivors may present complications such as meningitis, septic emboli, blindness, and sepsis, which can lead to permanent disability (14) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Mira

Costa

Paiva

et al. 2014

Revista Brasileira De Oftalmologia

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CASE REPORTRev Bras Oftalmol. 2014; 73 (3): 182-4 Cavernous sinus thrombosisTrombose parcial do seio cavernoso RESUMO A trombose do seio cavernoso (TSC) é uma situação clínica rara, resultando normalmente da complicação de um processo infeccioso dos seios paranasais. Outras causas incluem alterações pró-trombóticas, anemia e trauma. Os sinais e sintomas são extremamente variados e inespecíficos, sendo o seu diagnóstico efetuado através de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN). Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de uma doente com 75 anos de idade, que recorre ao serviço de urgência devido à dor em olho direito vermelho associado à cefaléias frontais com quatro dias de evolução. Ao exame oftalmológico observou-se defeito pupilar aferente relativo no olho direito (OD); na biomicroscopia vasos episclerais dilatados, catarata nuclear e à fundoscopia um edema discreto da papila com apagamento do rebordo nasal, hemorragias punctiformes dispersas e tortuosidade vascular em OD. A realização de angio-RMN confirmou o diagnóstico tendo a doente sido tratada com enoxaparina. Apesar do tratamento da TSC ser um tratamento etiológico, foi demonstrado que a anticoagulação está associada à diminuição da taxa de mortalidade. ABSTRACT Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare condition, usually results from a late complication of an infection of the paranasal sinuses.Other causes include prothrombotic disorders, anemia and trauma.The signs and symptoms are extremely varied and nonspecific, being the diagnosis made through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The authors present a 75-year-old woman, admitted in the emergency room complaining of ocular pain in the right eye (RE), red eye and frontal headache. She presented on ophthalmic examination of the RE: dilated episcleral vessels, nuclear cataract and a relative afferent pupillary defect. Fundoscopy examination of the RE revealed disc edema with nasal disc margin blurred, small dot hemorrhages and vascular tortuosity. The MRI angiography confirmed the diagnosis and the patient was treated with low molecular weight heparin. Despite treatment of CST is directed to the causal situation, being shown that anticoagulation is associated with reduction in mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Mira

Costa

Paiva

et al. 2014

Revista Brasileira De Oftalmologia

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Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[123124] Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis usually occurs secondarily to a suppurative process of the head or face, including orbital, sphenoid, ethmoid, or other facial sinus involvement that subsequently leads to septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. [124] The most frequent causative organism is S. aureus , implicated in 60%–70% of cases. [123] Patients usually present with fever, headache, cranial nerve deficits (mainly involving the third or sixth cranial nerves), and a multitude of other eye symptoms, including ptosis, proptosis, chemosis, orbital pain, double vision, edema, exophthalmos, ophthalmoplegia, or diminished pupillary responses.…”

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[123125] If infection is allowed to spread, mental status changes, including drowsiness, confusion, or coma may result, in addition to meningitis, abscesses, and sepsis. [124]…”

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intravenous antibiotics should be administered for at least 3–4 weeks; surgical debridement should be performed as needed for primary infections or abscess complications. [123124] Additionally, anticoagulants, such as heparin—either subcutaneous low–molecular-weight heparins or unfractionated—may be considered. [127128] Despite our current collection of antibiotics, prognosis for this once universally deadly disease still remains poor, with estimated mortality measuring up to 30% of those infected.…”

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infections of the nervous system

Parikh

Tucci

Galwankar

2012

Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci

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Glycemic control is an important aspect of patient care in the surgical Infections of the nervous system are among the most difficult infections in terms of the morbidity and mortality posed to patients, and thereby require urgent and accurate diagnosis. Although viral meningitides are more common, it is the bacterial meningitides that have the potential to cause a rapidly deteriorating condition that the physician should be familiar with. Viral encephalitis frequently accompanies viral meningitis, and can produce focal neurologic findings and cognitive difficulties that can mimic other neurologic disorders. Brain abscesses also have the potential to mimic and present like other neurologic disorders, and cause more focal deficits. Finally, other infectious diseases of the central nervous system, such as prion disease and cavernous sinus thrombosis, are explored in this review.

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