Vascular Anomalies

Soft Tissue Vascular Anomalies of the Extremities: A Proposed Diagnostic Approach

“…Most of them are benign [15]. Benign VTs are quite frequent in the general population, often cutaneous, and mostly occur during childhood [16]. The most common histological types are infantile hemangiomas (IHs) and congenital hemangiomas (CHs).…”

“…CT may reveal a soft tissue mass with or without phleboliths, as well as provide information about size and lesion size [ 31 ]. Bone involvement and acute complications like hemorrhage can also be evaluated with CT [ 4 , 16 ]. Intravenous contrast administration improves the definition of the lesion and the assessment of enhancement patterns, which may help in the differential diagnosis [ 4 ].…”

Adult-onset multifocal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in the bone marrow, lung, liver, and brain: a case report

“…Biopsy remains the gold standard diagnostic test ( 7 ). Histologically, KHE is characterized by irregular tumor margins, infiltrating rounded nodules composed of endothelial cells of spindled morphology, and slit-like vascular channels ( 13 , 14 ). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) shows positive staining for both lymphatic markers and vascular endothelial markers ( 4 , 7 , 15 , 16 ).…”

“…Despite KMP being less common in adults (11%) compared to children (77%), it is present in up to 70% of KHE cases at the time of presentation ( 8 , 19 ). To date, there is no consensus regarding an ideal treatment for KHE as the disease is rather rare, especially in adults ( 7 , 13 , 20 ). Surgery with wide margins of excision is often curative; however, it is challenging to successfully perform due to the infiltrative nature of the disease ( 2 , 13 , 21 ).…”

“…To date, there is no consensus regarding an ideal treatment for KHE as the disease is rather rare, especially in adults ( 7 , 13 , 20 ). Surgery with wide margins of excision is often curative; however, it is challenging to successfully perform due to the infiltrative nature of the disease ( 2 , 13 , 21 ). For extensive or unresectable tumors, combined treatment strategies are recommended, particularly if accompanied by KMP ( 20 ).…”