Vascular Anomaly Syndromes in the ISSVA Classification System: Imaging Findings and Role of Interventional Radiology in Management

Primary Vaginal Lymphatic Malformation in A Child :Case Report and Literature Review

“…Due to the development of technology and the new sclerosing agents, sclerotherapy has become the mainstream treatment of macrocystic and mixed LMs [2] .However,as to microcystic type,the effect of sclerotherapy was not desirable [19] .Recent progress in germline and somatic mutations that leading to activate known intracellular signaling pathways in LMs has advanced pharmacological interventions for the disease. mTOR Inhibitor Rapamycin (Sirolimus) could reduce the proliferation,as well as regulate the proliferation, migration and adhesion of lymphatic endothelial cells, so was tried to treat LMs [20] .Several literatures reported its effectiveness in the treatment of complex vascular malformations, especially in diffuse microcystic LMs [21,22] .The efficacy and safety of topical Sirolimus in the treatment of superficial vascular malformations in children has also been reported [23] .…”

Overview of peripheral arteriovenous malformations: From diagnosis to treatment methods

“…Based on this strategy, the primary treatment modality is interventional embolization supplemented with laser and surgical techniques. 32 Surgery is an auxiliary method used only when a single lesion is superficial or limited, or when debulking is required because the lesion has become fibrotic after sufficient embolization. 33 Surgical amputation is vital in the treatment of advanced limb AVMs.…”

Infantile hemangiomas screening modalities for primary care physicians

“…Several medical organizations have developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of IHs, recommending pediatricians and other primary care clinicians to monitor frequently infants with IHs during the first few weeks and months of life, to educate the parents about their clinical course (growth and complications), and to refer infants with high‐risk IHs to specialists as early as the age of one month. 3 , 23 , 24 , 25 They provided a framework of clinical recommendations, without establishing a strong guideline protocol for all infants with IHs. They emphasized the importance of prompt recognition of the lesions in potentially high morbidity risk, increased vigilance, appropriate consultation, and timely referral to specialists.…”

“…The term hemangioma is frequently used inaccurately to describe an array of different vascular anomalies 1,2 . The International Society for Vascular Anomalies categorized the vascular lesions in tumors (proliferation and hyperplasia) and malformations (dysplasia) 1–4 . Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) comprise the most common benign vascular tumors in childhood, with an incidence of 5% 5–7 .…”

“… 1 , 2 The International Society for Vascular Anomalies categorized the vascular lesions in tumors (proliferation and hyperplasia) and malformations (dysplasia). 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) comprise the most common benign vascular tumors in childhood, with an incidence of 5%. 5 , 6 , 7 They range from small, localized papules to large vascular dermal tumors in the skin, and rarely in internal organs.…”