Vascular calcifications on screening mammography identify women with increased risk of coronary artery disease and diabetes

Dale, Paul S.; Richards, Michael; Mackie, Gavin C.

doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.06.012

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…22 The sensitivity, PPV, and NPV of BAC to detect coexisting CAD are low, with a maximum sensitivity of 50%. 25 The cohort studies also report high specificity of BAC for incident CAD morbidity and mortality (88%–97%), with low sensitivity, PPV, and NPV. Case-control studies incorporating the gold standard definition of CAD (ie, angiography) showed a higher PPV (35%–70%) and a higher sensitivity (40%–69%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The study period ranged from 1995 to 2011, and the studies looked at relation between BAC and CVD, cardiovascular (CV) mortality, coronary, cerebral or systemic atherosclerosis, CIMT, and coronary calcium. We found 19 studies 7–25 looking at the association of BAC and CAD and/or CVD, 8 studies between BAC and stroke, 7–9,20,21,23,24,26 2 studies between BAC and PAD, 27,28 3 studies between BAC and CIMT, 16,19,29 and 2 studies between BAC and coronary artery calcification (CAC). 30,31 Tables 1 and 2 show detailed information regarding individual studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was 1 prospective cohort study, 7 2 retrospective cohort studies, 8,9 9 case-control studies with CAD, 10–18 1 case-control study with BAC, 19 and 7 cross-sectional (prevalence) studies. 20–25 Table 1 and Figures 2–4 show crude and adjusted ORs calculated from data extracted from each study. Please note that some of the crude ORs and P values shown in Table 1 may not be quoted in full text articles of the respective studies, because we calculated these values by a repeat analysis of data based on the information provided in the methods and results sections of each study (see Statistical Analyses under Methods section for details).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mammographically Detectable Breast Arterial Calcification and Atherosclerosis

Shah

Chainani

Delafontaine

et al. 2014

Cardiology in Review

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Breast arterial calcification (BAC), observed as an incidental finding on screening mammograms, represents degenerative calcific changes occurring in the mammary arteries, with increasing age. The aim of this review is to discuss relevant literature examining relation between BAC and atherosclerosis. After a thorough literature search, in OVID and PubMed, 199 studies were identified, of which 25 were relevant to our review. Data were abstracted from each study and statistical analysis was done, including calculation of odds ratios and construction of forest plots. A total of 35,542 patients were enrolled across 25 studies looking at an association between BAC and coronary artery disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cerebral artery disease, carotid and peripheral artery diseases, and coronary artery calcification. A majority of the studies showed a statistically significant relation between BAC and presence of coronary artery disease cardiovascular disease and associated mortality. Sensitivity of BAC in predicting cardiovascular events was low, but specificity was high. BAC was predictive of incident and prevalent stroke but not mortality of stroke. Similarly, BAC was predictive of cerebral, carotid, and peripheral artery diseases. The role of BAC as a surrogate marker of coronary and systemic atherosclerosis is currently uncertain. Its role may be further elucidated by more large-scale prospective studies and clinical experience.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mammographically Detectable Breast Arterial Calcification and Atherosclerosis

Shah

Chainani

Delafontaine

et al. 2014

Cardiology in Review

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“…Many studies, [17][18][19][23][24][25] including our own, 16 have shown an association, but others have argued the link is due to confounding variables associated with CHD risk factors, 14,18,32,33 especially age. 14,33 In other words, although it seems clear that women with breast arterial calcification have a higher prevalence of CHD, breast arterial calcification is more common with advanced age and therefore may be illustrating the well-known CHD risk factor of increasing age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Association of Breast Arterial Calcification and Coronary Heart Disease

Schnatz

Marakovits

O’Sullivan

2011

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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“…This correlation may explain the loss of statistical significance between diabetes and coronary artery disease in the multivariate analysis. Apart from being a risk factor for coronary artery disease, vascular calcifications in breast tissue may also indicate the presence of diabetes 10,22. Vascular calcifications are frequently associated with abnormalities in bone metabolism, dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation 23…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Calcifications Seen on Mammography: An Independent Factor Indicating Coronary Artery Disease

Oliveira

Freitas‐Junior

Afiune-Neto

et al. 2009

Clinics

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PURPOSEEstablish a relationship between vascular calcifications seen via mammography and coronary artery disease, estimate the risk ratios, and investigate the interrelationships between vascular calcification and other risk factors for coronary artery disease.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis was a case-control study consisting of 40 women with coronary artery disease in the case group and 40 women without any history of coronary artery disease in the control group who were matched according to age. The study was approved by the Institution’s Research Ethics Committee (consent statement was obtained). Odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using univariate analysis. Interrelationships among other risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and diabetes mellitus, were calculated using multivariate analysis. A p <0.05 was considered to be significant for statistical analysis.RESULTSThe mean ages for the case and control groups were 64.65 years and 63.88 years, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the only variables related to coronary artery disease were Vascular calcification [OR 4.71 (CI 1.36–16.33) p=0.014], family history [OR 5.76 (CI 1.58–21.03) p=0.008] and arterial hypertension [OR 15.92 (CI 3.12–81.14) p=0.001]. Although smoking and diabetes are important variables in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, these factors did not show statistically significant associations in this sample.CONCLUSIONThe presence of vascular calcifications seen via mammography was an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, as were hypertension and a family history of coronary artery disease.

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Vascular calcifications on screening mammography identify women with increased risk of coronary artery disease and diabetes

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Mammographically Detectable Breast Arterial Calcification and Atherosclerosis

Mammographically Detectable Breast Arterial Calcification and Atherosclerosis

The Association of Breast Arterial Calcification and Coronary Heart Disease

Vascular Calcifications Seen on Mammography: An Independent Factor Indicating Coronary Artery Disease

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