Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: Is There a Difference?

Groves, William C.; Brandt, Jason; Steinberg, Martin; Warren, Andrew C.; Rosenblatt, Adam; Baker, Alva; Lyketsos, Constantine G.

doi:10.1176/jnp.12.3.305

Cited by 76 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Any observed primary local damage could also be attributed to vascular injury, as white matter is particularly sensitive to vascular disruption (Mandell et al 2008;Wang et al 2016;Li et al 2016) and cerebrovascular disease is highly comorbid with AD (Toledo et al 2013;Smith 2017). However, there is a considerable overlap in the findings that are conventionally attributed to purely AD and purely vascular neuropathologies (Groves et al 2000;de la Torre 2004;Girouard and Iadecola 2005;Kalaria and Ballard 2006;Rodrigue 2013), with many proposing that vascular disruption may be central to AD as well (Moody et al 1997;de la Torre 2002de la Torre , 2004Kalaria et al 2012;Cai et al 2015;Brickman et al 2015). The intersection of AD and VCI may be most apparent in leukoaraiosis (Clarke et al 2000;Pettersen et al 2008;Kalaria et al 2012;Cai et al 2015;Brickman et al 2015;Lee et al 2016).…”

Section: White Matter Changes In Alzheimer Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular unit dysregulation, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction: the shared triad of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

2020

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Executive dysfunction is the most important predictor for loss of independence in dementia. As executive function involves the coordination of distributed cerebral functions, executive function requires healthy white matter. However, white matter is highly vulnerable to cerebrovascular insults, with executive dysfunction being a core feature of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). At the same time, cerebrovascular pathology, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction are all increasingly recognized as features of Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent studies have characterized the crucial role of glial cells in the pathological changes observed in both VCI and AD. In comorbid VCI and AD, the glial cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) emerge as important therapeutic targets for the preservation of white matter integrity and executive function. Our synthesis from current research identifies dysregulation of the NVU, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction as a fundamental triad that is common to both VCI and AD. Further study of this triad will be critical for advancing the prevention and management of dementia.

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Section: White Matter Changes In Alzheimer Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular unit dysregulation, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction: the shared triad of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

2020

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“…Groves et al [30] observed that patients with VaD were more likely to experience long-standing depression with functional impairment on a long-term observational period, although AD patients were also observed to experience some degree of sleep disorders and depression according to the neurodegenerative trajectory.…”

Section: Behavioral Disturbances and Dementia Sub Types: Vascular mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Disturbances in Dementia and Beyond: Time for a New Conceptual Frame?

Ambrogio

Martella

Odetti

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are estimated to be the most common causes of dementia, although mixed dementia could represent the most prevalent form of dementia in older adults aged more than 80 years. Behavioral disturbances are common in the natural history of dementia. However, so far, there is a paucity of studies that investigated the causal association between behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia and dementia sub-types, due to the high heterogeneity of methodology, study design and type of clinical assessment. To understand the scant evidence on such a relevant clinical issue, it could be hypothesized that a new shifting paradigm could result in a better identification of the relationship between behavioral disturbances and dementia. This narrative review provides an update of evidence on the behavioral patterns associated with different dementia sub-types and offers a potential future perspective as common ground for the development of new translational studies in the field of behavioral disturbances in dementia and the appropriateness of psychoactive treatments.

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“…Whereas memory and language deficits prevail in AD, executive function is more affected in VaD, possibly due to the interruption of frontal networks [24]. Changes in mood and personality occur earlier and are more severe in VaD than in AD [25,26]. …”

Section: Vascular Dementia and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: An mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Vascular Dementia

Pennisi

Ferri

Cantone

et al. 2011

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Vascular dementia (VaD) is a clinical syndrome that encompasses a wide spectrum of cognitive disorders caused by cerebrovascular disease. The subcortical ischemic form of VaD is clinically homogeneous and a major cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Vascular lesions contribute to cognitive decline in neurodegenerative dementias, and VaD and Alzheimer’s disease often coexist and share clinical features and multiple neurotransmission involvement. These similarities have led several investigators to use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to enucleate a neurophysiological profile of VaD. TMS studies have identified a pattern of cortical hyperexcitability probably related to the disruption of the integrity of white matter lesions due to cerebrovascular disease. The present review provides a perspective of these TMS techniques by further understanding the role of different neurotransmission pathways and plastic remodeling of neuronal networks in the pathogenesis of VaD.

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Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: Is There a Difference?

Cited by 76 publications

References 87 publications

Neurovascular unit dysregulation, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction: the shared triad of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Neurovascular unit dysregulation, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction: the shared triad of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Behavioral Disturbances in Dementia and Beyond: Time for a New Conceptual Frame?

A Review of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Vascular Dementia

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