Vascular effects of ambient particulate matter instillation in spontaneous hypertensive rats

Ambient Particulate Matter Affects Cardiac Recovery in a Langendorff Ischemia Model

“…A disturbance of vascular function elicited by PM has been reported by our group (Bagate et al, 2004a(Bagate et al, , 2004bKnaapen et al, 2001) as well as others (Batalha et al, 2002;Brook et al, 2002;Mills et al, 2005;Nurkiewicz et al, 2006). This suggests that if sufficient particles or their soluble constituents are translocated upon inhalation and reach the blood they are capable of inducing direct effects on the cardiovascular system.…”

“…It is unclear which of the PM constituents are involved in the cardiovascular effects seen in epidemiological studies. Intratracheal instillation of different PM caused PMN influx in rat lung (Bagate et al, 2004a;Kodavanti et al, 2003), and this inflammation was related to the soluble transition metals (Dreher et al, 1997;Kodavanti et al, 2002b). Although the soluble metals seem to play a major role in the effects observed for the heart, current studies do not allow discrimination between an indirect effect of inflammation and a direct effect of bioavailable metals.…”

“…For details on particle size and composition we refer to previous publications (Bagate et al, 2004a;Gerlofs-Nyland et al, 2005). For in vitro perfusions we used zinc sulfate, since zinc is the major soluble metal in the PM sample that was used.…”

“…To test whether the effects of in vivo pretreatment on cardiac function were due to a direct effect of soluble components on the heart muscle, as noted previously for aorta (Bagate et al, 2004a(Bagate et al, , 2004b, we studied Ca uptake in isolated cardiomyocytes. Isolated cardiomyocytes were loaded with fura-2, and uptake of Ca was studied after stimulation with KCl (receptor independent) or with ATP (receptor dependent).…”

Differential Cardiopulmonary Effects of Size-Fractionated Ambient Particulate Matter in Mice

“…Oropharyngeal instillation of ultrafine particles significantly decreased coronary flow rate, suggesting that ultrafine PM induced a vasoconstrictive effect, which has been noted in both humans and animal exposure studies [4,32,33]. It has been suggested that PM disturbs the balance between vasoactive mediators by decreasing the vasodilator nitric oxide or increasing vasoconstrictor endothelin release, thereby producing vasoconstriction [4].…”