Vascular endothelial growth factor C treatment for mouse hind limb lymphatic revascularization

Abstract

Spontaneous lymphatic revascularization is a challenge and the establishment of new therapeutic strategies may improve life quality for patients suffering from lymphatic disorders. This study was designed to verify if VEGFC treatment improves lymphatic vascularization in a time‐dependent manner in mouse hindlimb ( HL ) after resection of the inguinal lymph node. Lymphatic vascular density (Vv) and length (Lv) were evaluated by stereology after immunohistochemistry. The control Group ( CG ) was not manipulated but received saline instead of VEGFC treatment. The surgery Group ( SG ) had the left inguinal lymph node resected but did not received VEGFC treatment. VEGFC Treated Group ( TG ) had the node resected and received VEGFC treatment. VEGFC and VEGFR 3 local expression were assessed by qPCR . There was an effect of time over Vv and Lv in the SG and significant difference between CG and SG in the regions studied (proximal, medium and distal regions) of the left HL ( LHL ). The Lv showed significant difference between CG and SG only in the medium region. The Vv and the Lv for TG were higher than the other groups. VEGFC and VEGFR 3 gene expression presented time effect in all regions of the LHL for SG and TG . Both VEGFC and VEGFR 3 gene expression presented significant difference between CG and SG , between SG and TG and between CG and TG . This study showed significant decrease in lymphatic vascularization in the left hindlimb of mice after surgical removal of the inguinal lymph node and adjacent lymphatic vessels. Exogenous VEGFC could recover lymphatic vascularization through stimulating neolymphangiogenesis.

Long non‐coding ribonucleic acid urothelial carcinoma‐associated 1 promotes high glucose‐induced human retinal endothelial cells angiogenesis through regulating micro‐ribonucleic acid‐624‐3p/vascular endothelial growth factor C

“…Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered to be the main factor involved in angiogenesis 4 , 5 , and the side‐effects can be reduced and the effectiveness of the treatment can be improved when combined with anti‐VEGF therapy 6 , 7 . VEGF‐C is a soluble member of the VEGF family, and the role of VEGF‐C in neovascularization is supported by the fact that exogenous VEGF‐C could recover lymphatic vascularization through stimulating neolymphangiogenesis 8 . Furthermore, VEGF‐C also participates in the laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization formation in Brown Norway rats 9 .…”

The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy

“…VEGF is an angiogenic factor and it is the strongest selective mitogenic factor for endothelial cells. VEGF-A is the most important member of the VEGF family, and binds to the key receptor VEGFR2, stimulating the proliferation, migration, survival, and increased permeability of vascular endothelial cells, ultimately leading to neovascularization ( Ferrão et al, 2019 ). Although VEGF is a causative factor for PDR, it is also required for normal vascular growth and plays a crucial role in maintaining endothelial cell integrity.…”