“… 3 Given the complexity of subvalvular structures and the nonlinear nature of the catheter, surgical intervention is often required for catheter retrieval. 4 Catheter entanglement with other structures has been reported as well, including the vascular system involving the pulmonary veins 5 , 6 and the ostium of the right internal iliac vein, 7 mechanical mitral valves, 8 , 9 or the Chiari network. 10 In the presence of prosthetic heart valves, significant interaction and device embolization has been reported, even with straight, single-shaft catheters.…”