Vascular Events in Experimental Otitis Media Models: A Comparative Study

Goldie, Pamela; Hellström, Sten; Johansson, Ulf

doi:10.1159/000276114

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In a study of specific pathogen-free rats, Goldie et al [4] found that obstruction of the eustachian tube did not lead to the development of mucoid effusion in the middle ear cavity, unless there was concomitant or prior challenge to the middle ear cleft. This challenge was thought to be related to bacterial infection in the middle ear and stimulation of the mucin metabolism of the mucosa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Mucin Gene Expression in Middle Ear of Rats by Tumor Necrosis Factor–α: Potential Cause for Mucoid Otitis Media

Lin¹,

Haruta²,

Kawano³

et al. 2000

J INFECT DIS

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Mucoid otitis media (MOM) is characterized by viscous fluid, high in mucin concentration, which accumulates in the middle ear cavity. Recent studies suggest that initial infection in the middle ear cleft may be key to the development of MOM. However, factors of the initial infection attributed to the stimulation of mucin production are not clearly understood. This study demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine in mucoid effusion, markedly increased Muc2 mucin mRNA expression in middle ear epithelium, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Parallel to this was a marked increase in mucin glycoprotein in middle ear fluid. Also, TNF-alpha demonstrated an autocrine and/or paracrine effect on the expression of endogenous TNF-alpha gene in the middle ear, which may contribute to the production of mucin in this study. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha plays an important role in the development of MOM by stimulating mucin metabolism.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Mucin Gene Expression in Middle Ear of Rats by Tumor Necrosis Factor–α: Potential Cause for Mucoid Otitis Media

Lin¹,

Haruta²,

Kawano³

et al. 2000

J INFECT DIS

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“…The origin of the SIgA coating the bacteria in the present study must be plasma cells located in the mucous membrane of the MEC, as SIgA is synthesized locally (Tomasi, 1972;Mogi et al, 1974). IgG, on the other hand, is supplied to the purulent MEE by vascular leakage (Ogra et al, 1974;Goldie et al, 1990). It is noteworthy that no SIgA-coated bacteria were found in patients 1 and 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory IgA- and IgG-coated bacteria in chronically discharging ears

Stenfors

Räisänen

1991

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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SIgA- and IgG-coated bacteria obtained from 17 discharging middle ears (14 patients, 9 male, 5 female, age range from 1 to 79 years) were evaluated using an immunofluorescence assay. Simultaneously, quantitative and qualitative bacteriological analyses of the middle ear effusions (MEEs) were performed. MEEs containing Staphylococcus aureus harboured bacteria which were intensely coated with both SIgA and IgG antibodies. In contrast, MEEs containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed minimal, if any, SIgA- and IgG-coated bacteria. Two young patients harboured bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae and S. aureus/Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively) which were heavily coated with IgG, but not with SIgA. Immunoglobulin-coating of bacteria involved in otitis media is of the utmost importance in eradication of the infection.

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“…Hellstrom et al (2) showed that intrabullar inoculation of one dose of pneumococcus, followed 2 weeks later by Eustachian tube obstruction (ETO), induced accumulation of thick uid in the middle ear cavity, suggesting that multiple factors are involved in the development of otitis media with mucoid effusion. In speci c pathogen-fre e rats, ETO alone rarely induced accumulation of thick uid unless there was a concomitant injury to the middle ear (3). This suggests that an initial insult to the middle ear cleft is important for the production of thick effusion in the middle ear cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Mucous Cell Metaplasia in the Middle Ear of Rats Using a Three-step Method: An Improved Model for Otitis Media with Mucoid Effusion

Tsuboi

Kim

Giebink

et al. 2002

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Otitis media with mucoid effusion, characterized by mucous cell metaplasia in the middle ear cleft and thick fluid accumulation in the middle ear cavity, is a common otological disease that frequently affects young children. Multiple factors are involved in the development of this disease, especially middle ear infection and Eustachian tube dysfunction. In this study, in order to induce otitis media with effusion in rats, we introduced a three-step method, namely inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae at 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU)/ear or Haemophilus influenzae at 5 x 10(7) CFU/ear into the middle ear cavity twice at 2-week intervals, followed by Eustachian tube obstruction (ETO) for 4 and 8 weeks. Animals inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) twice in the same manner followed by ETO served as controls. Middle ear effusion and mucosa were harvested for evaluation of carbohydrate concentrations and mucous cell density, respectively. We found that rats inoculated with S. pneumoniae twice, followed by ETO at 8 weeks, yielded the highest carbohydrate concentration in middle ear effusion and the highest goblet cell density in the middle ear cavity compared to the H. influenzae and PBS groups. It is tentatively concluded that inoculation of S. pneumoniae at 10(7) CFU/ear into the middle ear cavity of rats twice at 2-week intervals, followed by ETO for 8 weeks, is a promising animal model for otitis media with mucoid effusion which may be valuable for studying the human counterpart.

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Vascular Events in Experimental Otitis Media Models: A Comparative Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Induction of Mucin Gene Expression in Middle Ear of Rats by Tumor Necrosis Factor–α: Potential Cause for Mucoid Otitis Media

Induction of Mucin Gene Expression in Middle Ear of Rats by Tumor Necrosis Factor–α: Potential Cause for Mucoid Otitis Media

Secretory IgA- and IgG-coated bacteria in chronically discharging ears

Induction of Mucous Cell Metaplasia in the Middle Ear of Rats Using a Three-step Method: An Improved Model for Otitis Media with Mucoid Effusion

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