Vascular Lesions of the Central Skull Base Region

Chapman, Philip R.; Gaddamanugu, Siddhartha; Bag, Asim K.; Roth, Nathan T.; Vattoth, Surjith

doi:10.1053/j.sult.2013.09.003

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Sinusitis is the most common cause of CST, whereas odontogenic sources have been reported in up to 10% of the cases. 3,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] The CS is a paired structure on either side of the sella, pituitary gland, and sphenoid sinus. It is composed of two layers of dura that are split to create a septate venous channel.…”

Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct CCFs have a direct communication between the ICA and the CS, whereas indirect CCFs are those arising from dural branches of the ICA or ECA or both. 37 Trauma resulting in skull base fractures causing either a bony ICA shear injury or shear injury of the dural attachments of the ICA at the anterior clinoid process or foramen lacerum are the most common cause of direct CCFs. 37,49 Other, less common causes of direct CCFs include ruptured ICA aneursyms, arterial dissection, and iatrogenic trauma.…”

Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Trauma resulting in skull base fractures causing either a bony ICA shear injury or shear injury of the dural attachments of the ICA at the anterior clinoid process or foramen lacerum are the most common cause of direct CCFs. 37,49 Other, less common causes of direct CCFs include ruptured ICA aneursyms, arterial dissection, and iatrogenic trauma. Predisposing conditions include hypertension, atherosclerotic disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, and collagen vascular disorders such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.…”

Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predisposing conditions include hypertension, atherosclerotic disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, and collagen vascular disorders such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. 37,46,48 The pathophysiology of indirect CCFs is not well understood. These lesions most often occur in the elderly, with a female predilection.…”

Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect CCFs have been associated with CST, hypertension, pregnancy, thrombophlebitis, intracranial surgery, sinusitis, and trauma. 37 The most common clinical manifestations for direct and indirect CCFs include proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, orbital pain, reduced visual acuity, and headache with a sudden onset of symptoms. 37 Indirect CCFs tend to present more insidiously.…”

Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI in the Evaluation of Acute Visual Syndromes

Mukhi

Lincoln²

2015

Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Acute visual symptom emergencies occur commonly and present a challenge to both clinical and radiologic facets. Although most patients with visual complaints routinely require clinical evaluation with direct ophthalmologic evaluation, imaging is rarely necessary. However, there are highly morbid conditions where the prompt recognition and management of an acute visual syndrome (AVS) requires an astute physician to probe further. Suspicious symptomatology including abrupt visual loss, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, and proptosis/exophthalmos require further investigation with advanced imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. This review will discuss a variety of AVSs including orbital apex syndrome, cavernous sinus thrombosis, cavernous carotid fistula, acute hypertensive encephalopathy (posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome), optic neuritis, pituitary apoplexy including hemorrhage into an existing adenoma, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. A discussion of each entity will focus on the clinical presentation, management and prognosis when necessary and finally, neuroimaging with emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. The primary purpose of this review is to provide an organized approach to the differential diagnosis and typical imaging patterns for AVSs. We have provided a template for radiologists and specialists to assist in early intervention in order to decrease morbidity and provide value-based patient care through imaging.

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Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI in the Evaluation of Acute Visual Syndromes

Mukhi

Lincoln²

2015

Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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CT Imaging of Intracranial Vessels

Cornelissen¹,

Das²,

Postma³

2015

3D Imaging Technologies in Atherosclerosis

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Cavernous Sinus: A Comprehensive Review of its Anatomy, Pathologic Conditions, and Imaging Features

et al. 2014

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The purpose of this article was to review the anatomy of the cavernous sinus (CS), illustrate numerous lesions that can affect the CS, and emphasize the imaging characteristics for each lesion to further refine the differential diagnoses. The CS, notwithstanding its small size, contains a complicated and crucial network that consists of the carotid artery, the venous plexus, and cranial nerves. The wide-ranging types of pathologies that can involve the CS can be roughly classified as tumoral, congenital, infectious/inflammatory/granulomatous, and vascular. Conditions that affect the CS usually lead to symptoms that are similar to each other; thus, for diagnosis, imaging procedures are required. Radiological evaluations are also required to detect pre- and postoperative CS invasion. Magnetic resonance imaging, which can be supplemented with thin-section contrast-enhanced sequences, is the preferred imaging technique for evaluating the CS. For correct diagnosis of CS lesions and accurate evaluations of CS invasions, it is essential to carefully analyze the anatomical structures within the CS and to acquire precise knowledge about the imaging features of CS lesions, which may frequently overlap.

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Vascular Lesions of the Central Skull Base Region

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

MRI in the Evaluation of Acute Visual Syndromes

MRI in the Evaluation of Acute Visual Syndromes

CT Imaging of Intracranial Vessels

Cavernous Sinus: A Comprehensive Review of its Anatomy, Pathologic Conditions, and Imaging Features

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