Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

Heyde syndrome: gastrointestinal bleeding and aortic stenosis

“…2 It may occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract, but most particularly in the right colon and cecum. 2,3,7 Proving an association between aortic stenosis and angiodysplasia is challenging, because both entities are common in older patients. Some authors have suggested that the rate of aortic stenosis among patients with gastrointestinal bleeding is as high as 30%-40%.…”

Capsule Endoscopy: Strategies and Pitfalls of Interpretation

“…However, all that is red is not blood. For example, close contact of dome of VCE to the mucosa will cause normal mucosa to appear red and simulate a telangiectasia (Regula et al, 2008). As with any finding it is critical to be able to distinguish true from false positive lesions such as caused by food, feces, closeness to the mucosa, bile, etc..…”

Rare and Emergency Gastric Bleeding Cause – Dieulafoy's Lesion

“…Dieulafoy's lesion constitutes 1% to 5.8% of nonvariceal bleeds and is more common in men than in women (2:1) (Garg, 2007). Pathogenesis is still unknown, but it is assumed that it might be a congenital lesion (Regula et al,2008). The typical lesion is generally located in the submucosa and described as a large tortuous vessel and a small defect in the overlying mucosal surface (Ekci et al, 2010;Vats et al, 2006).…”

“…The authors concluded that of the remaining 15% in whom re-bleeding occurs, 10% can successfully be treated by repeat endoscopic therapy and 5% may ultimately require surgical intervention. If endoscopic therapy fails, angiography with embolization or surgery is indicated (Alva et al, 2006;Garg, 2007;Reilly & Al-Kawas, 1991;Regula et al, 2008). While the bleeding is active, angiography might be helpful with cases in which initial endoscopy failed to show the bleeding source (Katz & Salas., 1993).…”