Vascular Lesions of the Visual Cortex with Brain Herniation Through the Tentorial Incisura

Hoyt, William F.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1960.01840010046003

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2 The association of macular sparing with the location of the lesion confirmed former imaging studies and the hypothesis of a dual blood supply of the occipital pole. 11,21,31 Another valuable strategy to improve reading performance is the use of predictive saccades during the return sweep. 32 We found in a previous study 21 that reading performance improves with time since the onset of the defect.…”

Section: The Effect Of Sensory Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading disorders due to visual field defects: a neuro-ophthalmological view

Trauzettel‐Klosinski

2002

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Background: Reading disorders can be caused by visual field defects. Analysis of the reading process provides important information about perceptual preconditions and cortical adaptive strategies, which are also of significance for rehabilitation. Methods: Reading performance was examined using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), which allows the simultaneous assessment of the preferred retinal locus (PRL) in relation to the stimuli and the eye movements. Visual fields were measured using Tuebingen perimetry and a self-developed SLO perimetry, attentional fields using the Test of Sustained Attention. Results: Patients with absolute central scotomas are only able to read if they learn to use an eccentric PRL. With a ring scotoma, reading ability depends on the size of the intact central island and the fixation behavior. With hemianopia, it is crucial whether there is macular splitting or sparing. Without sparing, reading performance depends on adaptive strategies such as predictive saccades or eccentric fixation.The latter causes a shift of the field border towards the hemianopic side in conventional perimetry. Locations of high attentional capability during central fixation (early stage of maculopathy) correspond to the later eccentric PRL during follow-up. Conclusions: Reading performance depends on the size of the perceptual area and the resolution of the PRL used for reading. Compensating strategies are crucial for regaining reading ability. Eccentric fixation causes a shift of the sensory and oculomotor reference, indicating high cortical plasticity. There is evidence that the location of a future PRL is influenced by sustained attention -a mechanism that could be utilized for specific training. Reading disorders are strongly connected with neuro-ophthalmological issues.

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Section: The Effect Of Sensory Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading disorders due to visual field defects: a neuro-ophthalmological view

Trauzettel‐Klosinski

2002

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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“…Clinical examples of bilateral homonymous hemianopia following tentorial herniation are uncommon [4,8,151, and the association of bilateral occipital infarction is better known to pathologists than to clinicians [7, 71.…”

Section: M Sdhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homonymous hemianopia has b e e n reported as occurring in 3% [16], 11% [12], 11% [Ill, and 27% [14] of patients with subdural hematoma. Compression of the posterior cerebral artery during tentorial herniation is the probable mechanism of visual loss, at least in those patients with permanent hemianopias [4]. Although bilateral visual damage has been well docbmented by autopsy of patients dying with tentorial herniation [ 7-91, clinical reports of blindness a r e rare [4, 8,…”

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confidence: 99%

Blindness following tentorial herniation

Keane

1980

Annals of Neurology

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In seven patients, permanent bilateral visual loss was the chief neurological residual following relief of tentorial herniation. The causes of herniation were unilateral subdural hematoma in three patients and bilateral subdural hematomas, bilateral subdural empyemas, traumatic intracerebral hematoma, and postoperative infarction in one patient each. Three patients, including two with occipital infarction documented by computed tomographic scan, developed optic atrophy, indicating that both pregeniculture visual pathway damage and posterior cerebral artery compression occurred. Increasing availability of computed tomographic scanning should help eliminate this rare cause of blindness by facilitating earlier diagnosis of supratentorial masses.

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“…1,6,[67][68][69] Transtentorial herniation can also lead to bilateral posterior cerebral artery territory infarction. [69][70][71][72] Other causes of bilateral calcarine cortical disease include trauma, 3,4,46,50 space-occupying lesions, 1,6 posterior cortical atrophy, 73 hypoxic ischaemic brain injury, 69 and venous infarction due to sagittal sinus thrombosis. 74 Complete cortical blindness can result, 1 which may be accompanied by Anton's syndrome, a form of anosognosia, where the patient denies being blind.…”

Section: Neuro-ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%