Vascular malformation of the parotid gland: a rare case report

Abstract

Vascular malformation of the parotid gland is an extremely rare condition with very few reported cases in the literature. Here we report a case of a 55 years old, female who presented with the complaint of swelling in the right parotid region for one year. Imaging revealed a vascular malformation involving the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland. Superficial Parotidectomy was done and histopathology was consistent with the diagnosis of vascular malformation of the parotid.

Venous Malformation of the Parotid Gland

“…4 Treatment of venous malformation of the parotid gland is usually surgical excision of the parotid gland with preservation of facial nerve. 5 Sclerotherapy is now considered the first-line therapy for vascular malformations. 4 It destroys the vascular endothelial cells of the lesions and maximizes the sclerosant concentration and duration within the vessel lumen.…”

The Rare Cases of Parotid Gland Arteriovenous Malformations

“…To understand the vascular anomalies better, the ISSVA (International Society for Study of Vascular Anomalies) recently came up with a classification system that differentiates vascular tumors (lesions with manifestations of cell proliferation and increased mitotic activity) from vascular malformations (congenital vascular anomalies due to developmental error). The latter are classified according to the type of vessel involved, i.e., capillary, venous, lymphatic, and arteriovenous malformations [ 1 ].…”

“…Stroma shows the presence of adipose tissue, lymphoid follicles, and smooth muscles. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) shows positivity to vascular markers such as CD31 and CD34, not carried out in our cases due to cost issues [ 1 ].…”

“…Surgical resection is the gold standard treatment, as being performed in our cases, but other options include laser, cryotherapy, embolization, and corticosteroids [ 1 ].…”

“…Nowadays, they are classified into haemangiomas and vascular malformations on the basis of the endothelial characteristics. The vascular malformations are either low flow such as capillary, lymphatic, and venous malformations or high flow such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) [ 1 ].…”