Vascular protein leakage in the rat parotid gland elicited by reflex stimulation, parasympathetic nerve stimulation and administration of neuropeptides

Asztély, A.; Havel, G. Engdahl; Ekström, Jørgen

doi:10.1016/s0167-0115(98)00121-9

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Columns represent means and vertical bars s.e.m. Figure 5 [ atropine, are surrounded by oedema and display increases in wet weights (Aszt ely et al 1998). The increase in [ÅH]thymidine uptake by the parotid glands (by 80%) found in response to parasympathetic stimulation in the present study was of similar magnitude to that in nonatropinized animals reported by Schneyer et al (1993), who also found an increased uptake in the submandibular glands in response to stimulation of the parasympathetic chordatympani nerve.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Parasympathetic non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic-induced protein synthesis and mitogenic activity in rat parotid glands

2000

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Electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic auriculo-temporal nerve (40 Hz, 30 min), in the anaesthetized rat under - and -adrenoceptor blockade, increased [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine uptake into the parotid glands by 80 and 263 %, respectively. The increase in response to parasympathetic stimulation was almost the same ([3H]thymidine 82 % and [3H]leucine 283 %) when atropine (2 mg kg-1 I.P. or I.V.) was included in the pretreatment. Neither intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (0.5-20 mg kg-1 min-1, 30 min) nor of bethanechol (10 mg kg-1 min-1, 30 min), under adrenoceptor blockade, increased the uptake of [3H]thymidine into the glands. However, these drugs increased [3H]leucine uptake, and in combination they interacted positively. Whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide is likely to be involved in the parasympathetic nerve-evoked protein synthesis, the nature of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic component(s) involved in the mitogenic response is presently unknown.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Parasympathetic non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic-induced protein synthesis and mitogenic activity in rat parotid glands

2000

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“…Although calcitonin gene‐related peptide alone causes no fluid secretion from the salivary glands of this species, it does potentiate the substance P‐evoked fluid response (Ekström et al , 1988; Iwabuchi and Kimura, 1998). Moreover, it increases the salivary gland blood flow of several species, including the rat (Tobin et al , 1991; Salo et al , 1994), and in rat salivary glands, it potentiates also the substance P‐evoked protein extravasation (Asztély et al , 1998). In the current study, no complementary role for calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor‐mediated effects could be demonstrated in the olanzapine‐evoked secretion when using a calcitonin gene‐related peptide antagonist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary secretion effects of the antipsychotic drug olanzapine in an animal model

2012

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Oral Diseases (2012) Objective: Olanzapine, introduced as an alternative to clozapine in schizophrenia therapy, is thought to display a receptor affinity similar to that of clozapine. Antipsychotics are well‐known xerogenic drugs. However, clozapine exerts both antagonistic and agonistic salivary effects (‘clozapine‐induced sialorrhea’), the latter probably via muscarinic M1 type of receptor. We hypothesise that olanzapine also has dual salivary effects. Material and methods: Effects of intravenous olanzapine were examined in rats, including those subjected to chronic preganglionic parasympathetic denervation (submandibular glands) or combined postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic denervation (parotid glands). Secretion was evoked reflexly, and by intravenous methacholine and the tachykinin substance P. Results: At 0.01–1 mg kg−1, olanzapine dose dependently reduced secretion in response to methacholine or reflex stimulus but not that to substance P. At 10 mg kg−1, olanzapine evoked a long‐lasting secretion, independent of the autonomic innervation as well as of α‐ and β‐adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors. The secretion was reduced, but not abolished, by a substance P receptor antagonist. Conclusions: Like clozapine, olanzapine evoked secretion. The response to olanzapine was greater and, in contrast to clozapine, involved non‐traditional gland receptors (such as substance P receptors). The findings imply that olanzapine plays an excitatory role via tachykinin receptors in humans.

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“…Second, preganglionic fibers in the hypogastric nerve synapse not only on neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglion but also on neurons in the pelvic ganglion (23, 68), i.e., the pelvic ganglion receives preganglionic input from fibers traveling in both the hypogastric nerve derived from T13/L1 and the pelvic nerve derived from L6-S2. Third, whereas centrally generated activation of postganglionic sympathetic fibers fails to elicit PE (48), activation of postganglionic parasympathetic efferents does elicit extravasation (3,20). Thus it is possible that input from the inflamed organ via the hypogastric nerve activates neurons in the dorsal horn of T13/L1 that in turn eventually activate postganglionic neurons in the pelvic ganglion via three different multisynaptic routes: 1) preganglionic neurons in T13/L1 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-organ interactions between reproductive, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts: modulation by estrous stage and involvement of the hypogastric nerve

Winnard¹,

Dmitrieva²,

Berkley³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

101

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-Central nervous system neurons process information converging from the uterus, colon, and bladder, partly via the hypogastric nerve. This processing is influenced by the estrous cycle, suggesting the existence of an estrous-modifiable central nervous system substrate by which input from one pelvic organ can influence functioning of other pelvic organs. Here, we tested predictions from this hypothesis that acute inflammation of colon, uterine horn, or bladder would produce signs of inflammation in the other uninflamed organs (increase vascular permeability) and that cross-organ effects would vary with estrous and be eliminated by hypogastric neurectomy (HYPX). Under urethane anesthesia, the colon, uterine horn, or bladder of rats in proestrus or metestrus, with or without prior HYPX, was treated with mustard oil or saline. Two hours later, Evans Blue dye extravasation was measured to assess vascular permeability. Extravasation was increased in all inflamed organs, regardless of estrous stage. For rats in proestrus, but not metestrus, either colon or uterine horn inflammation significantly increased extravasation in the uninflamed bladder. Much smaller cross-organ effects were seen in colon and uterine horn. HYPX reduced extravasation in the inflamed colon and inflamed uterine horn, but not the inflamed bladder. HYPX eliminated the colon-to-bladder and uterine horn-to-bladder effects. These results demonstrate that inflaming one pelvic organ can produce estrous-modifiable signs of inflammation in other pelvic organs, particularly bladder, and suggest that the cross-organ effects involve the hypogastric nerve and are at least partly centrally mediated. Such effects could contribute to cooccurrence and cyclicity of distressing pelvic disorders in women. pelvic pain; inflammation; interstitial cystitis; uterus; colon NEURAL COORDINATION AND decision-making for many physiological and behavioral functions depends on convergence within the nervous system of information from different bodily regions (for example, see Ref 4). Such is the case, for example, in the control of walking, balance, posture, eye movements, blood pressure, fight/flight responses, and other sensorimotor functions (39). Much of this convergence involves heterotopic interactions between different somatic structures (muscles/ skin) or between somatic and visceral structures.Such coordination is less well understood between different internal organs; that is, viscerovisceral interactions. Studies have shown, however, that neurons in the spinal cord, dorsal column nuclei, solitary nucleus, medullary reticular formation, and thalamus process information that converges from different internal organs located in different functional systems, i.e., the reproductive, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts (8,9,11,17,24,31,32,37,57,58,59,60). In some regions, this processing is robustly influenced by the estrous cycle and hormone manipulations (15,16).This cross-system, viscerovisceral convergence supports the concept that the nervous system provides a dynamic ...

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Vascular protein leakage in the rat parotid gland elicited by reflex stimulation, parasympathetic nerve stimulation and administration of neuropeptides

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Parasympathetic non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic-induced protein synthesis and mitogenic activity in rat parotid glands

Parasympathetic non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic-induced protein synthesis and mitogenic activity in rat parotid glands

Salivary secretion effects of the antipsychotic drug olanzapine in an animal model

Cross-organ interactions between reproductive, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts: modulation by estrous stage and involvement of the hypogastric nerve

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