Vascular tumors in infants and adolescents

Wildgruber, Moritz; Sadick, Maliha; Müller-Wille, René; Wohlgemuth, Walter A.

doi:10.1186/s13244-019-0718-6

Cited by 83 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Biopsy specimens are essential for differentiating the entity from benign tumors or other soft tissue sarcomas. The increased vascularity or arteriovenous malformation that is often seen in children, adolescents and young adults with a hemangioma (18,19); or the zonal pattern of peripheral ossification that is typically seen with myositis ossificans were not observed in our cases (20). MDM2 amplification is useful for ruling out dedifferentiated liposarcoma with osteogenic differentiation; recently, however, MDM2 amplification has been reported in extraskeletal osteosarcomas, and caution is required when MDM2 amplification is observed (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 64%

Cystic extraskeletal osteosarcoma: Three case reports and review of the literature

Araki¹,

Yamamoto²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2020

mol clin onc

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Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma and typically appears as a solid mass with variable mineralization. A few cases of extraskeletal osteosarcoma have shown extensive hemorrhagic changes or bleeding due to its high-grade malignancy; however, to the best of our knowledge, no previous reports have described the pathological characteristics of tumors with non-hemorrhagic cystic change. The present report discusses three cases involving cystic lesions with a solid area at the periphery that arose in soft tissues. The large cystic spaces contained only yellowish-brown fluid and little or no blood, with no clear pathological necrotic tissue. The solid component comprised a focal area of osteoid production by highly anaplastic sarcomatous cells. All of the cases showed high-grade malignancy histologically, and the average maximum diameter was approximately 175 mm. The tumors were located at the adductor muscles in two cases and at the intermuscular region of the hamstring muscles in one case. All of the patients consulted a doctor after more than half a year had passed since the recognition of swelling or a mass on their affected extremities. Surgical treatment was performed for all patients. One patient had lymph node metastasis, and another had lymphoedema after surgery, but no histological invasion to the lymphatic ducts was observed in the excised specimen. Degenerative changes in the fluid content over a long time-course as a result of tumor bleeding or necrosis, rather than lymphorrhea by lymphatic channel invasion of the tumor, might have contributed to the formation of the cystic lesion. Only 1 patient who underwent chemotherapy remained clinically disease-free over 10 years after surgery. Chemotherapy regimens for osteosarcoma rather than those for soft tissue sarcoma are mostly effective for extraskeletal osteosarcoma, so the diagnosis by a biopsy is essential. It is important to consider extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumor with cystic form and calcification and a long clinical course before consulting a doctor.

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Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 64%

Cystic extraskeletal osteosarcoma: Three case reports and review of the literature

Araki¹,

Yamamoto²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2020

mol clin onc

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“…No RCCTs were found. General information and characteristics of the included articles are described in Table 1 (4)(5)(6)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). After the analysis of the included articles, we identified three fundamental themes associated to the management of pediatric oral hemangiomas: (i) clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, and histopathological findings; (ii) evolution and complications; and (iii) current available treatment modalities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in some dubious or borderline cases imaging is necessary to assess the extent and penetration of the lesion, the degree of vascularity, as well as its evolution. Ultrasound and associated Doppler spectra are the most employed imaging tools for performing these actions, and also for monitoring the treatment effects on the lesion (6). Regarding to this, ultrasound can show the highly vascular nature of HEM, evidenced by the presence of multiple prominent vessels (36); thus, this diagnostic method is very useful because it can clearly discriminate if a tumor is cystic (rather vascular or lymphatic malformation) or solid (rather HEM) (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The single term hemangioma (HEM) has been used in the medical/dental literature to describe the localized benign vascular tumor of infancy/ childhood of mesenchymal origin (4,5). However, this term has been also employed for a wide range of mucosal/skin vascular pathologies, including "strawberry", "port-wine", and "salmon patch" (3,6). This varied terminology has led to confusion among clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The condition is more common in premature low-birth-weight infants (< than 1000 g), decreasing gestational age, in white female children, and in twins (9); other related risk factors are multiple gestation pregnancy, gestational hypertension, placenta previa, preeclampsia, chronic villus sampling, and antenatal vaginal bleeding (4,14). It occurs usually during the neonatal period (6,15). The tumor exhibits rapid growth and expansion with endothelial cell proliferation during the first five or six months of life, followed by a gradual self-involution to near-complete resolution (4); approximately 50-80% of all HEM disappear by 5 years of age (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of the oral hemangiomas in infants and children: Scoping review

Barrón-Peña

Ma²,

Benítez-Cárdenas³

et al. 2020

Med Oral

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Background: Pediatric oral hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that can be seen from birth, particularly in females. Hemangiomas are most frequent located in the lips and usually regress spontaneously, thus they do not require any type of treatment in most cases. The present scoping review pretended to synthesize the most relevant and currently available information from the international dental literature published in the last 25 years, regarding the management of pediatric oral hemangiomas. Material and Methods: An exhaustive literature search was performed in four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane). Initially, 241 related titles and abstracts were found. After the duplication removal, screening, and assessment processes, 37 records were included for full-text reading. Finally, 20 articles in the English language were included in the scoping review for data extraction and assessment. Results: We identified and subsequently discussed three fundamental issues associated to the management of pediatric oral hemangiomas: (i) clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, and histopathological findings; (ii) evolution and complications; and (iii) current available treatment modalities. Conclusions: Although these like-tumor lesions are uncommon, pediatric dentistry practitioners must be familiar with the inherent clinical characteristics, diagnosis approaches, and currently available treatment options. Nowadays, surgical removal and non-invasive medical/pharmacologic therapies are the best management modalities for pediatric oral hemangiomas.

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Case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma occurring in the postradiation setting for breast cancer

Hahn

Dickson

Gupta

et al. 2020

Genes Chromosomes & Cancer

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Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare malignant vascular tumor, which is typically characterized by recurrent fusion genes. EHEs most commonly occur in the lung, liver, bone, and internal organs. EHE has rarely been reported to occur in the post‐radiotherapeutic setting, the breast site or in association with breast cancer. The differential diagnosis for radiation‐associated vascular lesions of the breast is classically limited to atypical vascular lesion and angiosarcoma and does not include EHE. We present the case of a woman with a history of breast cancer and post‐surgical radiotherapy who went on to develop an EHE of the chest wall skin within 3 years of the completion of radiotherapy. Microscopically, the lesion was infiltrative and composed of anastomosing nests of epithelioid‐to‐spindled cells with eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. By immunohistochemistry, the cells were positive for ERG, D2‐40, and CD31. The diagnosis was confirmed by identification of a characteristic WWTR1‐CAMTA1 fusion gene using RNA sequencing. This case expands our understanding of radiation‐associated tumors.

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Vascular tumors in infants and adolescents

Cited by 83 publications

References 77 publications

Cystic extraskeletal osteosarcoma: Three case reports and review of the literature

Cystic extraskeletal osteosarcoma: Three case reports and review of the literature

Management of the oral hemangiomas in infants and children: Scoping review

Case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma occurring in the postradiation setting for breast cancer

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