Vasculitis cutáneas

Abstract

Vasculitis is a term that refers to damage and inflammation of the walls of blood vessels of any size. The classification of types of cutaneous vasculitis continues to be a challenge, probably because of our lack of understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of this condition. Changes in the vessel wall will be visible on microscopy and will enable the different clinical forms to be distinguished according to the caliber of affected vessels, the type of cell that predominates in the inflammatory infiltrate, or the presence of such key findings as extravascular granulomas. Skin manifestations (macules, papules, nodules, livedo reticularis, etc) correlate with the size of the vessel affected. The prognosis in cases of vasculitis with skin involvement will be determined by the presence or absence of extracutaneous disease. Systemic vasculitis shows a predilection for certain organs, such as the kidney or lung. The introduction of immunosuppressant drug treatments has led to evident improvement in survival rates for patients with vasculitis. This review covers practical aspects of the pathophysiology, histopathology, treatment, and differential diagnosis of the main clinical presentations of vasculitis with cutaneous involvement.

Vasculitis séptica por Listeria monocytogenes

“…En la literatura médica se han descrito otros agentes asociados a este cuadro como Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp. y Rickettsias spp., entre otros [1][2][3][4][5] . Sin embargo, no existen casos reportados de VS por L. monocytogenes.…”

“…Se presenta con leve predominio en mujeres y es más frecuente en adultos que en niños 2 . Se estima que 15 a 20% de todas las vasculitis cutáneas son desencadenadas o asociadas a infecciones 3 , 40% son idiopáticas, 20% son asociadas a reacción adversa a medicamentos, 12% asociadas a enfermedades del tejido conectivo y menos de 5% asociadas a neoplasias 2 . La mayoría de las vasculitis asociadas a infección se manifiestan como una vasculitis leucocitoclástica cutánea, sin compromiso sistémico y de curso autolimitado.…”

Granulomatous slack skin presenting as diffuse poikiloderma and necrotic ulcers, with features of granulomatous vasculitis and response to oral prednisone, acitretin, and oral psoralen plus ultraviolet light therapy—A case report

“…GSS may be confused with leprosy or cutaneous tuberculosis especially if occurring in endemic areas like the Philippines 12, 13, 14…”

Livedoid vasculopathy as a marker of systemic disease: report of two cases

“…2 For a long time, the term "livedoid vasculitis" was used as a synonym of the disease, but it is no longer accepted, for findings compatible with vasculitis are not present in the histological exam. 3 Two cases with painful ulcerated lesions on the lower limbs are reported, in which the identification of VL enabled the diagnosis of systemic diseases.…”