Vasculitis

Prutton, James S. W.; Pusterla, Nicola

doi:10.1002/9781119086512.ch09

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…Purpura hemorrhagica is an uncommon but well-described sequela to infection with or vaccination against S. equi or other non-S. equi antigens (Hunyadi & Pusterla, 2016;Prutton & Pusterla, 2016;Pusterla et al, 2003). Fifty-eight per cent of horses with PH are associated with non-S. equi antigens or have unknown aetiology (Boyle et al, 2018;Pusterla et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifty-eight per cent of horses with PH are associated with non-S. equi antigens or have unknown aetiology (Boyle et al, 2018;Pusterla et al, 2003). In its classic form, PH is characterised by urticaria, subcutaneous oedema of the limbs, head and ventrum, and petechiation and/or ecchymoses of the mucous membranes (Hunyadi & Pusterla, 2016;Prutton & Pusterla, 2016;Pusterla et al, 2003). The pathological basis of the disease is deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in blood vessel walls, causing inflammation and loss of vascular wall integrity typical of a type III hypersensitivity reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathological basis of the disease is deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in blood vessel walls, causing inflammation and loss of vascular wall integrity typical of a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Microscopically, definitive diagnosis of this vascular disease is achieved from histological examination findings of leukocytoclastic vasculitis confined to the small vessels of the dermis (Boyle et al, 2018;Hunyadi & Pusterla, 2016;Prutton & Pusterla, 2016). Possible causes of PH include exposure to S. equi, exposure to another bacterial or viral antigen or unknown aetiology (Boyle et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…equi or other non‐ S . equi antigens (Hunyadi & Pusterla, 2016; Prutton & Pusterla, 2016; Pusterla et al, 2003). Fifty‐eight per cent of horses with PH are associated with non‐ S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous bilateral superficial digital flexor tendon rupture in a horse with guttural pouch empyema and suspected purpura hemorrhagica

MacKinnon¹,

Tan

Schaal³

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Case history An 11‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was evaluated for urticaria, generalised discomfort, distal limb oedema, spontaneous dropped fetlocks, and progressive hindlimb lameness. Prior infection status with Streptococcus equi subspecies equi was unknown. Clinical findings The horse had bilateral hindlimb oedema, generalised wheals, progressive hindlimb lameness, and dropped fetlocks of the right and left hindlimbs. The horse was intermittently pyrexic and was ultimately subjected to euthanasia due to deteriorating clinical status. Diagnosis Suspected purpura hemorrhagica associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the superficial digital flexor tendons and spontaneous tendon rupture. Treatment and outcome The horse was treated with a combination of antibiotic therapy (enrofloxacin and penicillin), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (phenylbutazone) and corticosteroids (dexamethasone), with no improvement in clinical status. The horse was subjected to euthanasia due to poor prognosis and unfavourable response to therapy. Post‐mortem examination revealed unilateral guttural pouch empyema, multifocal cutaneous infarction and bilateral rupture of the superficial digital flexor tendons. Streptococcus equi subspecies equi was isolated in pure culture from the guttural pouch. Microscopically, leukocytoclastic vasculitis typical of purpura hemorrhagica was documented in the skin. Unexpectedly, similar vasculitis was also observed in the superficial digital flexor tendons. Clinical relevance This report documents the first equine case of suspected purpura hemorrhagica associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the superficial digital flexor tendons and spontaneous tendon rupture. Spontaneous tendon rupture should be considered a potential sequela to infection with Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in horses due to immune‐mediated vasculitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…equi or other non‐ S . equi antigens (Hunyadi & Pusterla, 2016; Prutton & Pusterla, 2016; Pusterla et al, 2003). Fifty‐eight per cent of horses with PH are associated with non‐ S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations