Vasectomy and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Shang, Yangyang; Han, Guangwei; Li, Jia; Zhao, Jiang; Dong, Chao; Liu, Chengcheng; Yi, Shanhong

doi:10.1038/srep09920

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, concerns have been raised about bias, unmeasured confounding, and chance in relation to the small increased risk found by others 2554 Recently published meta-analyses of these studies found that vasectomy was not associated with risk of prostate cancer,6 7 and guidelines from the American Urological Association in 2012 recommended that clinicians do not need to routinely discuss prostate cancer during preoperative counselling of men considering vasectomy 55…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasectomy and risk of prostate cancer: population based matched cohort study

Nayan

Hamilton

Macdonald

et al. 2016

BMJ

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Objective To determine the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer, adjusting for measures of health seeking behaviour.Design Population based matched cohort study.Setting Multiple validated healthcare databases in Ontario, Canada, 1994-2012.Participants 326 607 men aged 20 to 65 who had undergone vasectomy were identified through physician billing codes and matched 1:1 on age (within two years), year of cohort entry, comorbidity score, and geographical region to men who did not undergo a vasectomy.Main outcomes measures The primary outcome was incident prostate cancer. Secondary outcomes were prostate cancer related grade, stage, and mortality.Results 3462 incident cases of prostate cancer were identified after a median follow-up of 10.9 years: 1843 (53.2%) in the vasectomy group and 1619 (46.8%) in the non-vasectomy group. In unadjusted analysis, vasectomy was associated with a slightly increased risk of incident prostate cancer (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.20). After adjustment for measures of health seeking behaviour, however, no association remained (adjusted hazard ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.09). Moreover, no association was found between vasectomy and high grade prostate cancer (adjusted odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.66), advanced stage prostate cancer (adjusted odds ratio 1.04, 0.81 to 1.34), or mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.06, 0.60 to 1.85).Conclusion The findings do not support an independent association between vasectomy and prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasectomy and risk of prostate cancer: population based matched cohort study

Nayan

Hamilton

Macdonald

et al. 2016

BMJ

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“…Although vasectomy is a simple process with a high success rate (>99%) and minimal complications (such as swelling and pain), it is still underutilized around the world, especially in developing countries (Cook, Van Vliet, Lopez, Pun, & Gallo, 2014;Mohamad Al-Ali et al, 2014;Rayala & Viera, 2013;Shang et al, 2015). The worldwide rate of vasectomy use is reported at 3%, with a rate of 2% in developed countries (United States Agency 620275J MHXXX10.1177/1557988315620275American Journal of Men's HealthKısa et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinions and Attitudes About Vasectomy of Married Couples Living in Turkey

et al. 2015

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This study was conducted as a descriptive study, designed to determine the opinions and attitudes of married couples living in Turkey about vasectomy. The sample consisted of 350 women. Researchers used a questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used. The results showed that 14% of women and 43.0% of men were of the opinion that undergoing a vasectomy procedure was a sin. Chi-square analysis determined statistically significant differences between the male and female groups ( p < .05). More than 88.0% of the men were not willing to have vasectomy and 35.4% thought that vasectomy had a negative effect on marriage and sexual health. In addition, 58.9% thought that vasectomy had a negative effect on men's health. Women were more likely than men to see vasectomy as merely a cultural taboo instead of a sin. Sociocultural factors, such as ideas that contraception is the woman's responsibility, that sterilized men lose status in society, or that sterilized men lose authority in the family, as well as misconceptions about vasectomy such as concerns about sexual functioning, psychological effects, and effects on physical strength, were determined to be the main barriers for vasectomy use in Turkish culture. The study recommends determining strategies for overcoming sociocultural barriers by raising awareness and increasing the utilization of vasectomy. Couple-specific family planning programs can make an important contribution toward improving awareness of the benefits of vasectomy.

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“…Conversely, recently published studies evaluating the Cancer Prevention Study (CPS)-II cohort and healthcare databases from Ontario, Canada, demonstrated no association between vasectomy and either overall prostate cancer incidence or mortality (13,14). In addition, while it would be anticipated that having a vasectomy at a younger age would result in a longer exposure, and therefore increase the risk of prostate cancer, this has not been demonstrated (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasectomy and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Screening Trial

Shoag

Savenkov

Christos

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Vasectomy has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer in multiple epidemiologic studies over the past 25 years. Whether this relationship is causal remains unclear. This study examines the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, which randomized men to usual care or annual prostate cancer screening. We performed a retrospective analysis of 13-year screening and outcomes data from the PLCO trial. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by study arm and age at vasectomy was performed. There was an increased risk of prostate cancer in men who had undergone a vasectomy and were randomized to the usual care arm of the study (adjusted HR, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.20; = 0.008). There was no association between vasectomy and diagnosis of prostate cancer in men randomized to the prostate cancer screening arm. Only men undergoing vasectomy at an older age in the usual care arm of the study, but not the prostate cancer screening arm, were at increased risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Vasectomy was not associated with prostate cancer risk among men who were screened for prostate cancer as part of a clinical trial, but was associated with prostate cancer detection in men receiving usual care. The positive association between vasectomy and prostate cancer is likely related to increased detection of prostate cancer based on patterns of care rather than a biological effect of vasectomy on prostate cancer development. .

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Vasectomy and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Vasectomy and risk of prostate cancer: population based matched cohort study

Vasectomy and risk of prostate cancer: population based matched cohort study

Opinions and Attitudes About Vasectomy of Married Couples Living in Turkey

Vasectomy and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Screening Trial

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