Vasoactive intestinal peptide levels are increased in canine endotoxin shock

Freund, Hermann; Ebeid, Abla M.; Je, Fischer

doi:10.1016/0167-0115(80)90097-x

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The porcine endotoxinaemia model re ported in this review demonstrated the same haemodynamic and cellular changes reported in most experimental animal models [9,27], The endotoxin dosage used in this model (1 mg/kg body weight) was not lethal to pigs but considerable variation in endotoxin tol erance has been reported in different species [12,19]. Endotoxin levels measured with a new chromogenic substrate in patients with severe septicaemia have demonstrated simi lar levels as those found in this model [in preparation], Freund et al [9] reported increased levels of a VIP-like substance after endotoxin injec tion in dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Endotoxin levels measured with a new chromogenic substrate in patients with severe septicaemia have demonstrated simi lar levels as those found in this model [in preparation], Freund et al [9] reported increased levels of a VIP-like substance after endotoxin injec tion in dogs. Radioimmunoassays used in clinical and experimental gastrointestinal re search usually use antibodies to purified por cine hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased amounts of VIP have been found in feline intestine after exposure to cholera endotoxin [6], An increased level of plasma VIP-like immunoreactivity has also been reported after a bolus injection of E. coli endotoxin in the dog [9], The present investigation was undertaken to study VIP levels in plasma and haemody namic changes during and after endotoxin infusion in pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Pigs during Endotoxinaemia

Revhaug¹,

Lygren²,

Lundgren³

et al. 1985

Eur Surg Res

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Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a highly potent vasodilatator. Cardiovascular changes and plasma VIP levels were studied during endotoxinaemia (Escherichia coli endotoxin 1 mg/kg) in a carefully monitored porcine model. Endotoxin infusion resulted in a profound but reversible shock and a substantial rise in plasma VIP levels. Increased levels of VIP could be demonstrated already after 30 min of endotoxin infusion and increased further during the infusion. Animals followed for a period of 60 h demonstrated slowly declining levels of VIP after endotoxin infusion but significantly elevated levels were usually found 24 h after infusion. Control animals did not show any changes in VIP during a similar procedure. Release of gastrointestinal peptides may be of importance during septic shock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Pigs during Endotoxinaemia

Revhaug¹,

Lygren²,

Lundgren³

et al. 1985

Eur Surg Res

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“…It may be that VIP plays a role in mediating these effects. Endotoxin shock has been reported to increase circulating VIP to levels which should stimulate renin secretion (Freund et al, 1981). It would be interesting to see if renin secretion changes in this situation.…”

Section: Physiologic Significance Of the Renin-stimulating Effect Of Vipmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stimulation of renin secretion by vasoactive intestinal peptide

Porter¹,

Reid²,

Said³

et al. 1982

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) increased plasma renin activity (PRA) in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. A 15-min infusion of VIP directly into the renal artery at a dose of 33 ng . kg-1 min-1 increased renin secretion rate from 1,461 +/- 393 to 5,769 +/- 1,794 ng ANG I . ml-1 . 3 h-1 . min-1, and increased PRA from 19.2 +/- 2.3 to 29.2 +/- 4.7 ng ANG I . ml-1 . 3 h-1. Renal blood flow and creatinine clearance were also increased, whereas plasma potassium concentration and diastolic blood pressure decreased. There was no change in sodium or potassium excretion. When administered intravenously, 33 and 13 ng . kg-1 . min-1 VIP increased PRA. A dose of 3.3 ng . kg-1 . min-1 failed to increased PRA when given intravenously but produced a significant increase in PRA from 22.8 +/- 8.1 to 40.5 +/- 19.4 ng ANG I . ml-1 . 3 h-1 when infused into the renal artery. This increase occurred without any change in plasma potassium concentration or blood pressure. Renin secretion was increased by a two- to threefold increase in plasma VIP; comparable increases in plasma VIP have been reported to be produced by various experimental procedures. The data indicate that VIP increases renin secretion. The peptide appears to act directly on the kidney and may act directly on the juxtaglomerular cells.

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“…Thus, some authors of the 80´s described high levels of VIP in patients and animals suffering endotoxemia, and showed a direct association with the disease degree, suggesting that VIP, acting as a hypotensive factor, could be a cause of the disorder. Ten years later, some groups, in which we are included, suggested that the increased VIP levels in those disorders is not probably a cause but a consequence of the disease, and that VIP could be synthesized in response to the injury to try to regulate the deleterious effects of the excessive immune action [112][113][114][115][116][117]. This have been showed in other diseases such as arthritis, where presence of VIP in synovial fluid is a manifestation of self regulation of the immune function in relation with disease [118].…”

Section: Vip/pacap and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutical Approaches of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide as a Pleiotropic Immunomodulator

González‐Rey¹,

Varela²,

Chorny³

et al. 2007

CPD

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The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are two neuropeptides belonging to the VIP/secretin/glucagon family of peptides. VIP/PACAP are present and released from both innervation and immune cells, particularly Th2 cells, and exert a wide spectrum of immunological functions controlling the homeostasis of immune system through different receptors expressed in various immunocompetent cells. VIP/PACAP have a general anti-inflammatory effect, both in innate and adaptive immunity. In innate immunity, VIP/PACAP inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from macrophages, microglia and dendritic cells. In addition, VIP/PACAP reduce the expression of costimulatory molecules (particularly CD80 and CD86) on the antigen-presenting cells, and therefore reduce stimulation of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. In terms of adaptive immunity, VIP/PACAP promote Th2-type responses, and reduce the pro-inflammatory Th1-type responses. Several of the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition of cytokine and chemokine expression, and in the preferential development and/or survival of Th2 effectors, are perfectly known. Therefore, VIP/PACAP and analogues have been recently proposed as very promising candidates, alternative to other existing treatments, for treating acute and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Crohn disease, or autoimmune diabetes. The aim of this review is firstly to update our knowledge of the cellular and molecular events relevant to VIP function on the immune system; and secondly to gather together recent data that support its role as a type 2 cytokine. Recognition of the central functions VIP plays in cellular processes is focusing our attention on this "very important peptide" as an exciting new candidate for therapeutic intervention and drug development.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide levels are increased in canine endotoxin shock

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Increased Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Pigs during Endotoxinaemia

Increased Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Pigs during Endotoxinaemia

Stimulation of renin secretion by vasoactive intestinal peptide

Therapeutical Approaches of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide as a Pleiotropic Immunomodulator

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