Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in the Carotid Body—A History of Forty Years of Research. A Mini Review

Gonkowski, Sławomir

doi:10.3390/ijms21134692

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…It is also known that VIP may be involved in the regulation of the secretory activity in the digestive tract and processes connected with immunological and/or inflammatory reactions [ 9 ]. Moreover, previous studies have reported that VIP participates in protective and adaptive processes leading to the maintenance of homeostasis during various pathological processes and ensuring the functions of the ENS in conditions changed by the disease process [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the neuronal substances that are widely distributed in the intestinal innervations, and which may be involved in mechanisms connected with enteropathies, is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This polypeptide is composed of 28 amino acids. In the ENS, VIP relaxes smooth muscles and regulates the secretory activity of digestive organs [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Its influence on the enteric mucosa differs in various segments of the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) in the Intestinal Mucosal Nerve Fibers in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Rychlik

Gonkowski

Całka

et al. 2020

Animals

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Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of enteropathies with nonspecific chronic symptoms and poorly understood etiology. Many aspects connected with IBD are not understood. One of them is the participation of the intestinal nervous system in the development of pathological processes. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate changes in the density of intramucosal nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)—one of the most important intestinal nervous factors caused by the various stages of IBD development. Mucosal biopsy specimens collected from the duodenum, jejunum and descending colon of healthy dogs and dogs with varied severity of IBD were included in the experiment. The density of VIP-like immunoreactive (VIP-LI) nerves was determined by a single immunofluorescence technique and a semi-quantitative method consisting in VIP-LI fiber counts in the field of view (0.1 mm2). The obtained results indicate that IBD induces changes in the density of mucosal VIP-LI nerve fibers in the canine gastrointestinal tract. The initial decrease is followed by an increase in VIP-like immunoreactivity in successive stages of the disease. These observations show that VIP is a neuronal factor that participates in the pathological processes connected with canine IBD. The observed changes probably result from the neuroprotective and/or adaptive properties of VIP. Protective and adaptive reactions induced by inflammation aim to protect the GI tract against damage by proinflammatory factors and ensure the homeostasis in the enteric nervous system (ENS) under the conditions changed by the disease process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) in the Intestinal Mucosal Nerve Fibers in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Rychlik

Gonkowski

Całka

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Gut microbiota produces various neuromodulators [•43, 57 ]. Among the neuronal compounds detected in the rat glomus cells are NO, enkephalins, neurotensins, neuropeptide Y, substance P, dopamine, GABA, vasoactive intestinal peptide and tyrosine hydroxylase [ 58 ]. The major catecholamine functional in the CB is dopamine which exerts inhibitory signals to both hypoxia-sensing and ventilatory efforts [ 9 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota-derived Circulating Metabolites Blunt Hypoxia-sensing In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silent hypoxia in COVID-19: a gut microbiota connection

Gopal

Chakraborty

Padhan

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Physiology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has triggered the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors induce hypoxia in COVID-19. Despite being hypoxic, some SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals do not experience any respiratory distress, a phenomenon termed “silent/happy hypoxia”. Prolonged undetected hypoxia is dangerous, sometimes leading to death. A few studies attempted to unravel what causes silent hypoxia, however, the exact mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we aim to understand how SARS-CoV-2 causes silent hypoxia.

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“…This has led to the concept of “neurovascular unit (NVU)” (reviewed in Iadecola, 2017). The SCN produces neuropeptides known to regulate vascular activities including vasopressin (AVP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and angiotensin II (Ang II), among others (Abrahamson and Moore, 2001; Azushima et al, 2020; Gonkowski, 2020; Japundžić-Žigon et al, 2020; Qu et al, 2018). However, how these vasoactive peptides participate in the neurovascular coupling within the SCN is barely understood, partly due to a limited understanding of the SCN vasculature in relation to its peptidergic phenotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vasculature of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Pathways for Diffusible Output Signals

et al. 2023

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Transplant studies demonstrate unequivocally that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) produces diffusible signals that can sustain circadian locomotor rhythms. There is a vascular portal pathway between the SCN and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis in mouse brain. Portal pathways enable low concentrations of neurosecretions to reach specialized local targets without dilution in the systemic circulation. To explore the SCN vasculature and the capillary vessels whereby SCN neurosecretions might reach portal vessels, we investigated the blood vessels (BVs) of the core and shell SCN. The arterial supply of the SCN differs among animals, and in some animals, there are differences between the 2 sides. The rostral SCN is supplied by branches from either the superior hypophyseal artery (SHpA) or the anterior cerebral artery or the anterior communicating artery. The caudal SCN is consistently supplied by the SHpA. The rostral SCN is drained by the preoptic vein, while the caudal is drained by the basal vein, with variations in laterality of draining vessels. In addition, several key features of the core and shell SCN regions differ: Median BV diameter is significantly smaller in the shell than the core based on confocal image measurements, and a similar trend occurs in iDISCO-cleared tissue. In the cleared tissue, whole BV length density and surface area density are significantly greater in the shell than the core. Finally, capillary length density is also greater in the shell than the core. The results suggest three hypotheses: First, the distinct arterial and venous systems of the rostral and caudal SCN may contribute to the in vivo variations of metabolic and neural activities observed in SCN networks. Second, the dense capillaries of the SCN shell are well positioned to transport blood-borne signals. Finally, variations in SCN vascular supply and drainage may contribute to inter-animal differences.

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Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in the Carotid Body—A History of Forty Years of Research. A Mini Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 89 publications

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) in the Intestinal Mucosal Nerve Fibers in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) in the Intestinal Mucosal Nerve Fibers in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Silent hypoxia in COVID-19: a gut microbiota connection

Vasculature of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Pathways for Diffusible Output Signals

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