Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) Innervation of the Human Eyelid Glands

Seifert, Péter; Spitznas, Manfred

doi:10.1006/exer.1999.0652

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Evidently, neural structures that are extremely delicate are hard to detect using immunohistochemical labeling. Furthermore, single axons observable in electron micrographs of exocrine glands have been found to be, in principle, not demonstrable with immunohistochemistry [40]. Other authors have also considered negative immunohistochemical findings to be more or less inconclusive [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nerve fibers in tumors of the human urinary bladder

2001

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Abstract. Exophytic tumors of the urinary bladder were examined by means of transmission electron microscopy for the presence of neural tissue because, as yet, there has been hardly any discussion of a neuronal component in the biology of neoplasms. In the stroma and rarely in the epithelium of bladder tumors, fine nerve strands were found to be irregularly distributed. These strands comprised one to a maximum of five axons containing predominantly colocalized clear and dense-core vesicles. Immunohistochemistry revealed some nerve-like structures showing vasoactive intestinal neuropeptide (VIP) reactivity. This response and the combination of vesicle types indicate that parasympathetic cholinergic neurons contribute to the innervation of the tumors. Thus, a morphological basis for neuronal influence on the behavior of such tumors has been demonstrated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nerve fibers in tumors of the human urinary bladder

2001

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“…Autonomic nerve fibers, primarily cholinergic, have been found to innervate the meibomian glands, conjunctival goblet cells and main and accessory lacrimal glands. 10-12 Motor efferent fibers stimulate the orbicularis oculi muscle to initiate blinking to express lipid secretions from the meibomian glands, spread tears over the corneal surface and direct them into the lacrimal puncta.…”

Section: Vision Starts At the Tear Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear Dysfunction and the Cornea: LXVIII Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture

Pflugfelder¹

2011

American Journal of Ophthalmology

117

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Purpose To describe the cause and consequence of tear dysfunction related corneal disease. Design Perspective on effects of tear dysfunction on the cornea Methods Evidence is presented on the effects of tear dysfunction on corneal morphology, function and health, as well as efficacy of therapies for tear dysfunction related corneal disease. Results Tear dysfunction is a prevalent eye disease and the most frequent cause for superficial corneal epithelial disease that results in corneal barrier disruption, an irregular optical surface, light scattering, optical aberrations and exposure and sensitization of pain sensing nerve endings (nociceptors). Tear dysfunction related corneal disease causes irritation and visual symptoms, such as photophobia, blurred and fluctuating vision that may decrease quality of life. Dysfunction of one or more components of the lacrimal functional unit results in changes in tear composition, including elevated osmolarity and increased concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These tear compositional changes promote disruption of tight junctions, alter differentiation and accelerate death of corneal epithelial cells. Conclusions Corneal epithelial disease resulting from tear dysfunction causes eye irritation and decreases visual function. Clinical and basic research has improved understanding of the pathogenesis of tear dysfunction related corneal epithelial disease, as well as treatment outcomes.

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“…These compounds are known, for example, to stimulate epithelial cell secretion by the lacrimal gland. 29,45,48,53,54 If this meibomian gland activity occurs, it would suggest that the parasympathetic nervous system may protect against the development of evaporative dry eye. Consistent with this hypothesis is the finding that administration of the parasympathetic inhibitor scopolamine promotes the generation of dry eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4,51 This process requires that the basal layer of epithelial cells in the periphery of the acinus serves as a progenitor cell population, which constantly gives rise to new epithelial cells. 4,52 Given that numerous nerve fibers near mei- bomian gland acini contain VIP, 18,29 it is possible that release of this neuropeptide could promote epithelial cell proliferation in vivo. Such an ability, however, remains to be shown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%