Vasodilatory Effect of Wogonin on the Rat Aorta and Its Mechanism Study

Abstract

1) These compounds might contribute to the anti-hypertensive effect collectively. However, the anti-hypertensive effect of Eucommia ulmoides OLIV. bark remains largely unclear.Pharmacological studies have revealed that Eucommia ulmoides OLIV. bark extract induce endothelium and NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) dependent relaxation in the rat thoracic aorta.2) Another report demonstrated that the endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation induced by the bark extract is mediated by NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in small vessels.3) However, the vasorelaxing components have been unclear. Recently, we found oroxylin A and wogonin isolated from Eucommia ulmoides OLIV. bark could significantly lower the perfusion pressure.4) In the previous study, we had reported that oroxylin A could relax rat thoracic aorta and it was endothelium and NO dependent.5)The present study was undertaken to investigate vasodilatory effect of wogonin and its mechanism.Wogonin ( Fig. 1) is a flavone and has a variety of cardiovascular protective effect. It could regulate migration, proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. [6][7][8] Besides, wogonin could inhibit angiogenesis, suppress collagen deposition in cardiac fibroblasts and inhibit ischemic brain injury. [9][10][11][12] There is no evidence for vascular relaxation effect of wogonin. We describe here that wogonin, unlike oroxylin A, is an endothelium-and NO-independent vasodilatory flavonoid. One report demonstrated that wogonin offered a wide margin of safety.13) It has therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Anti‑diarrheal effect of Scutellaria baicalensis is associated with suppression of smooth muscle in the rat colon

“…The association with NO in GCs raised the possibility that wogonin suppresses GCs by increasing the NO release. However, in our study, L-NAME did not affect the wogonin-induced reduction of GCs, which is consistent with a previous report in the aorta (14). Furthermore, a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, ODQ, also did not affect the inhibitory action of wogonin on GCs.…”

Endoplasmic reticulum as a target in cardiovascular diseases: Is there a role for flavonoids?

“…It was recommended that kaempferol is a naturally occurring compound that has inhibitory and stimulatory function on ER stress (Ashrafizadeh et al, 2020). Qu et al (2015) reported that wogonin prevented the increase of Ca 2+ initiated by KCl (60 mm) after exhausting calcium stored in sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticula with thapsigargin (1 μm) or by ATP (100 μm) in VSMCs. Wogonin is a flavone and has a mixture of cardiovascular defensive effects.…”

Baicalein, Baicalin, and Wogonin: Protective Effects against Ischemia‐Induced Neurodegeneration in the Brain and Retina

“…This finding indicates that wogonin protects neurons by promoting microvascular formation and subsequently restoring blood supply via the TGF- β 1 pathway. The vasodilatory effect of wogonin mediated by inhibition of both intracellular Ca 2+ release and extracellular Ca 2+ influx could be a potential treatment paradigm for ischemia [ 121 ]. This evidence strongly supports the feasibility of developing baicalein, baicalein, and wogonin as candidates for neuroprotection following ischemic stroke.…”

“…Through modulating the MAPK pathway and the production of apoptotic factors, these flavonoids effectively rescue neurons in the brain and retina [ 100 , 112 , 113 , 115 , 123 , 127 , 128 , 131 ]. In addition, the blockage of ion channel dysfunction after ischemic stress remarkably ameliorates the excitotoxicity caused by ion overload and subsequently decreases neuronal death [ 86 , 121 ]. Taken together, all the evidence strongly supports the feasibility of developing these flavonoids as natural neuroprotectants.…”