Vasospasm causing reversible cortical deafness in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Ramdasi, Raghvendra; Chagla, Aadil; Mahore, Amit

doi:10.4103/0028-3886.141292

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In subarachnoid haemorrhage, vasospasm has been directly linked to hearing loss [23, 24]. The underlying mechanism appears to be free haemoglobin from the extravasated blood scavenging the vasodilator nitric oxide and inducing the vasoconstricting cytokine IL-1 via inflammasome activation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Supporting the Hypothesis That Inflammation-Induced Vasospasm Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Eisenhut

2019

International Journal of Otolaryngology

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Sensorineural hearing loss is mainly acquired and affects an estimated 1.3 billion humans worldwide. It is related to aging, noise, infection, ototoxic drugs, and genetic defects. It is essential to identify reversible and preventable causes to be able to reduce the burden of this disease. Inflammation is involved in most causes and leads to tissue injury through vasospasm-associated ischemia. Vasospasm is reversible. This review summarized evidence linking inflammation-induced vasospasm to several forms of acquired sensorineural hearing loss. The link between vasospasm and sensorineural hearing loss is directly evident in subarachnoid haemorrhage, which involves the release of vasoconstriction-inducing cytokines like interleukin-1, endothelin-1, and tumour necrosis factor. These proinflammatory cytokines can also be released in response to infection, autoimmune disease, and acute or chronically increased inflammation in the ageing organism as in presbyacusis or in noise-induced cochlear injury. Evidence of vasospasm and hearing loss has also been discovered in bacterial meningitis and brain injury. Resolution of inflammation-induced vasospasm has been associated with improvement of hearing in autoimmune diseases involving overproduction of interleukin-1 from inflammasomes. There is mainly indirect evidence for vasospasm-associated sensorineural hearing loss in most forms of systemic or injury- or infection-induced local vascular inflammation. This opens up avenues in prevention and treatment of vascular and systemic inflammation as well as vasospasm itself as a way to prevent and treat most forms of acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Future research needs to investigate interventions antagonising vasospasm and vasospasm-inducing proinflammatory cytokines and their production in randomised controlled trials of prevention and treatment of acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Prime candidates for interventions are hereby inflammasome inhibitors and vasospasm-reducing drugs like nitric oxide donors, rho-kinase inhibitors, and magnesium which have the potential to reduce sensorineural hearing loss in meningitis, exposure to noise, brain injury, arteriosclerosis, and advanced age-related and autoimmune disease-related inflammation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Supporting the Hypothesis That Inflammation-Induced Vasospasm Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Eisenhut

2019

International Journal of Otolaryngology

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“…Bilateral sudden deafness is extremely rare and is most often associated with systemic diseases, such as toxicity, infection, autoimmune or neoplastic conditions, and vascular events [2]. The vascular etiology includes vasospasms after subarachnoid hemorrhage [3], intracerebral hemorrhage [4], and ischemic infarctions [5]. Most often, patients have unilateral damage in the primary auditory cortex and later get a vascular lesion on the contralateral side causing bilateral deafness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Bilateral Deafness in a Patient with Transient Ischemic Attack: A Case Report

Pihl¹,

Back²,

Iversen³

et al. 2021

Case Rep Neurol

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Sudden-onset bilateral cortical deafness is a very rare symptom of stroke, but must be recognized as stroke, as it is a treatable condition, and the treatment is highly time dependent. We report a 53-year-old man with an acute onset of complete bilateral hearing loss that gradually improved spontaneously over 4 h. The hearing loss was explained by an infarction visualized on magnetic resonance imaging, which showed a subacute temporoparietal ischemic lesion in the left cerebral hemisphere involving the insular cortex and an older infarction in the right temporoparietal region. The location of these kinds of lesions may typically not cause motor deficits, but sensory and cognitive (e.g., aphasia) symptoms, which can be challenging to recognize in a suddenly deaf patient. Taking the possible differential diagnoses into account, immediate stroke workup should always be prioritized in patients with sudden bilateral deafness, as acute revascularizing treatment is possible.

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A case of reversible cortical deafness caused by vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Yokoyama¹,

Sugimoto

Fujita

et al. 2019

Jpn. J. Stroke

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Vasospasm causing reversible cortical deafness in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Evidence Supporting the Hypothesis That Inflammation-Induced Vasospasm Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Evidence Supporting the Hypothesis That Inflammation-Induced Vasospasm Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Sudden Bilateral Deafness in a Patient with Transient Ischemic Attack: A Case Report

A case of reversible cortical deafness caused by vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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