VCG diversity and virulence of Verticillium dahliae from commercially available cotton seed lots in Turkey

Göre, Mehmet Erhan; Erdoğan, Oktay; Caner, Öncül Kaan; Aydın, M. H.; Berk, Selma Kuru

doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0500-z

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These diseases can reach high incidences and cause yield losses of 50% or more in high‐value crops such as artichoke, cotton, lettuce, olive, potato and strawberry (Friebertshauser & DeVay, ; Cirulli et al ., ; Johnson & Dung, ; Atallah et al ., ; Jiménez‐Díaz et al ., ). Verticillium dahliae is a vascular‐colonizing, soil‐ and seedborne, mitosporic ascomycete that is found worldwide (du Toit et al ., ; Atallah et al ., ; Inderbitzin et al ., ; Göre et al ., ; http://www.mycobank.org), and has one of the broadest host ranges of any fungal plant pathogen (European Food Safety Authority Panel on Plant Health, ). Verticillium dahliae 's wide host range and its ability to survive long‐term in soil as melanized microsclerotia make verticillium wilts difficult to manage (Wilhelm, ; European Food Safety Authority Panel on Plant Health, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of pathotypes and races and their correlations with clonal lineages in Verticillium dahliae

et al. 2016

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Understanding pathogenic variation in plant pathogen populations is key for the development and use of host resistance for managing verticillium wilt diseases. A highly virulent defoliating (D) pathotype in Verticillium dahliae has previously been shown to occur only in one clonal lineage (lineage 1A). By contrast, no clear association has yet been shown for race 1 with clonal lineages. Race 1 carries the effector gene Ave1 and is avirulent on hosts that carry resistance gene Ve1 or its homologues. The hypothesis tested was that race 1 arose once in a single clonal lineage, which might be expected if V. dahliae acquired Ave1 by horizontal gene transfer from plants, as hypothesized previously. In a diverse sample of 195 V. dahliae isolates from nine clonal lineages, all race 1 isolates were present only in lineage 2A. Conversely, all lineage 2A isolates displayed the race 1 phenotype. Moreover, 900-bp nucleotide sequences from Ave1 were identical among 27 lineage 2A isolates and identical to sequences from other V. dahliae race 1 isolates in Gen-Bank. The finding of race 1 in a single clonal lineage, with identical Ave1 sequences, is consistent with the hypothesis that race 1 arose once in V. dahliae. Molecular markers and virulence assays also confirmed the well-established finding that the D pathotype is found only in lineage 1A. Pathogenicity assays indicated that cotton and olive isolates of the D pathotype (lineage 1A) were highly virulent on cotton and olive, but had low virulence on tomato.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of pathotypes and races and their correlations with clonal lineages in Verticillium dahliae

et al. 2016

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“…However, comparable studies on the hosts artichoke and watermelon have also described an association of VC subclade II-2 with high virulence [ 61 – 63 ] indicating that this may be a common phenomena. High virulence was associated with VCG 1A on olive and cotton hosts, which may be explained by the presence of the high defoliating pathotype (D) within this lineage [ 64 ]; [ 65 ]. In contrast, no significant association was found between any VCG and virulence of V .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetative compatibility groups partition variation in the virulence of Verticillium dahliae on strawberry

et al. 2018

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Verticillium dahliae infection of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is a major cause of disease-induced wilting in soil-grown strawberries across the world. To understand what components of the pathogen are affecting disease expression, the presence of the known effector VdAve1 was screened in a sample of Verticillium dahliae isolates. Isolates from strawberry were found to contain VdAve1 and were divided into two major clades, based upon their vegetative compatibility groups (VCG); no UK strawberry isolates contained VdAve1. VC clade was strongly related to their virulence levels. VdAve1-containing isolates pathogenic on strawberry were found in both clades, in contrast to some recently published findings. On strawberry, VdAve1-containing isolates had significantly higher virulence during early infection, which diminished in significance as the infection progressed. Transformation of a virulent non-VdAve1 containing isolate, with VdAve1 was found neither to increase nor decrease virulence when inoculated on a susceptible strawberry cultivar. There are therefore virulence factors that are epistatic to VdAve1 and potentially multiple independent routes to high virulence on strawberry in V. dahliae lineages. Genome sequencing a subset of isolates across the two VCGs revealed that isolates were differentiated at the whole genome level and contained multiple changes in putative effector content, indicating that different clonal VCGs may have evolved different strategies for infecting strawberry, leading to different virulence levels in pathogenicity tests. It is therefore important to consider both clonal lineage and effector complement as the adaptive potential of each lineage will differ, even if they contain the same race determining effector.

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“…In contrast, VCG2B was the only group identified for all the Vd isolates from Western Europe and Argentina in agreement with previous reports from our group ( García-Carneros et al, 2014 ). The VCG2B has been identified for isolates from Vd pathogenic to other herbaceous crops species, such as mint ( Douhan and Johnson, 2001 ), spinach ( Iglesias-Garcia et al, 2013 ), cotton ( Göre et al, 2014 ), watermelon ( Dervis et al, 2009a ), or eggplant ( Dervis et al, 2009b ) among others. Our host range results are consistent with host adaptation ( Jiménez-Díaz et al, 2017 ) in Vd from sunflower, which was clearly pathogenic to sunflower but not to the other crop species, with the exception of artichoke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics, Host Range, and Molecular and Pathogenic Characterization of Verticillium dahliae From Sunflower Reveal Two Differentiated Groups in Europe

et al. 2018

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Verticillium wilt and leaf mottle of sunflower, caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae (Vd) has become a major constraint to sunflower oil production in temperate European countries. Information about Vd from sunflower is very scarce despite genetics, molecular traits and pathogenic abilities of fungal strains affecting many other crops being widely known. Understanding and characterizing the diversity of Vd populations in those countries where sunflowers are frequent and severely affected by the fungus are essential for efficient breeding for resistance. In this study, we have analyzed genetic, molecular and pathogenic traits of Vd isolates affecting sunflower in European countries. When their genetics was investigated, almost all the isolates from France, Italy, Spain, Argentina, and Ukraine were assigned to vegetative compatibility group (VCG) 2B. In Bulgaria, Turkey, Romania, and Ukraine, some isolates were assigned to VCG6, but some others could not be assigned to any VCG. Genotyping markers used for Vd affecting crops other than sunflower showed that all the isolates were molecularly identified as race 2 and that markers of defoliating (D) and non-defoliating (ND) pathotypes distinguished two well-differentiated clusters, one (E) grouping those isolates from Eastern Europe and the other (W) all those from the Western Europe and Argentina. All the isolates in cluster W were VCG2B, while the isolates in cluster E belonged to an unknown VCG or to VCG6. When the host range was investigated in the greenhouse, the fungus was highly pathogenic to artichoke, showing the importance of farming alternatives in the management of Verticillium attacks. Sunflower genotypes were inoculated with a selection of isolates in two experiments. Two groups were identified, one including the isolates from Western Europe, Argentina, and Ukraine, and the other including isolates from Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. Three pathogenic races were differentiated: V1, V2-EE (Eastern Europe) and V2-WE (Western Europe). Similarly, three differentials are proposed for race identification: HA 458 (universal susceptible), HA 89 (resistant to V2-EE, susceptible to V2-WE) and INRA2603 (susceptible to V2-EE, resistant to V2-WE). The diversity found in Vd affecting sunflower must be taken into account in the search for resistance to the pathogen for European environments of sunflower production.

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VCG diversity and virulence of Verticillium dahliae from commercially available cotton seed lots in Turkey

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Variation of pathotypes and races and their correlations with clonal lineages in Verticillium dahliae

Variation of pathotypes and races and their correlations with clonal lineages in Verticillium dahliae

Vegetative compatibility groups partition variation in the virulence of Verticillium dahliae on strawberry

Genetics, Host Range, and Molecular and Pathogenic Characterization of Verticillium dahliae From Sunflower Reveal Two Differentiated Groups in Europe

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