VCSEL based, wearable, continuously monitoring pulse oximeter

Kollmann, Daniel T.; Hogan, William; Steidl, Charles; Hibbs‐Brenner, Mary K.; Hedin, Daniel; Lichter, Patrick A.

doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610460

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, a novel prototype pulse oximeter may have utility in outpatient monitoring. The device uses vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) technology, which is lower power, low cost, and able to be worn behind the ear (like a hearing aid) for long-term continuous use [23]. While this device may monitor oxygenation, others have attempted to clarify the best methods for maintaining oxygen saturation.…”

Section: Acute Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Technologies in COPD Management

Spencer¹,

Barcomb²

2014

Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating disease that affects millions of Americans. Numerous technological advances have been made recently in this field. This article reviews the use of novel technologies in COPD patients, focusing on the medical literature from 2013. These advances affect the diagnosis, the management of acute exacerbations, and the long-term, outpatient care of this condition. Diagnostic advances are examined such as novel applications of computed tomography, plethysmography, and analysis of the breath. Acute interventions include oxygen therapy, extracorporeal gas exchange, and molecular or nanotechnology. Finally, a preponderance of recent literature focuses on telemedicine to facilitate monitoring and treatment. Emerging technologies have a significant potential to positively impact patient care.

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Section: Acute Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Technologies in COPD Management

Spencer¹,

Barcomb²

2014

Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep

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“…Especially in high-temperature automotive applications, red VCSELs require reliable performance for up to 125°C [4]. Red VCSELs have also shown to be advantageous in variety of medical sensing and diagnostic applications, such as pulse oximetry as a non-invasive method for monitoring the oxygen content in blood [5]. This application benefit from a narrower spectral width (< 2nm), slower wavelength shift over temperature, and lower power consumption, which is mainly found in VCSELs compared to conventional red light-emitting diodes (LEDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

650nm red VCSELs with improved temperature performance

Ghods

Dummer

Johnson

2023

Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVII

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In this paper, we report on design optimization, design, and fabrication of single-junction red VCSELs emitting at the wavelength of ~650nm with improved power and temperature performance. This has been achieved through redesigning the VCSEL epitaxial structure by optimizing the number of top and bottom mirror pairs to reduce the optical losses, optimizing p-DBRs' doping concentration levels, changing the oxide layer thickness and position relative to the active region, and adjusting the wavelength detuning between peak wavelength of the gain medium and the Fabry-Perot dip wavelength. Moreover, several changes have been implemented to improve the carrier confinement in the active region to improve the performance of these devices at higher temperatures. These include optimizing the net strain across the active region, modifying the electron blocking layers, and also optimizing the number and thickness of InGaPbased multiple quantum wells. The CW characterization results indicate a record-high output optical power of 4.25mW at room temperature for a 14m VCSEL. The temperature-variable L-I-V characterization results indicate a maximum lasing temperature of 50°C for the 14m VCSEL, while the 5m device has shown to be lasing up to 80°C. All devices have shown to be highly multi-mode spectrally, but with different far-field beam profiles. Moreover, the results indicate that the output light from these devices are strongly polarized in the <011> direction. Overall, the results depict a promising roadmap into developing high brightness red VCSELs which have superior performance over a broad temperature range.

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“…The prototype is designed for low-cost, convenient, and long-term continuous monitoring. Technological, it is based on a vertical cavity surface emitting laser and shaped in style of hearing aids [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardware Prototype for Wrist-Worn Simultaneous Monitoring of Environmental, Behavioral, and Physiological Parameters

et al. 2020

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We designed a low-cost wrist-worn prototype for simultaneously measuring environmental, behavioral, and physiological domains of influencing factors in healthcare. Our prototype continuously monitors ambient elements (sound level, toxic gases, ultraviolet radiation, air pressure, temperature, and humidity), personal activity (motion tracking and body positioning using gyroscope, magnetometer, and accelerometer), and vital signs (skin temperature and heart rate). An innovative three-dimensional hardware, based on the multi-physical-layer approach is introduced. Using board-to-board connectors, several physical hardware layers are stacked on top of each other. All of these layers consist of integrated and/or add-on sensors to measure certain domain (environmental, behavioral, or physiological). The prototype includes centralized data processing, transmission, and visualization. Bi-directional communication is based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and can connect to smartphones as well as smart cars and smart homes for data analytic and adverse-event alerts. This study aims to develop a prototype for simultaneous monitoring of the all three areas for monitoring of workplaces and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a concentration on technical development and validation rather than clinical investigation. We have implemented 6 prototypes which have been tested by 5 volunteers. We have asked the subjects to test the prototype in a daily routine in both indoor (workplaces and laboratories) and outdoor. We have not imposed any specific conditions for the tests. All presented data in this work are from the same prototype. Eleven sensors measure fifteen parameters from three domains. The prototype delivers the resolutions of 0.1 part per million (PPM) for air quality parameters, 1 dB, 1 index, and 1 °C for sound pressure level, UV, and skin temperature, respectively. The battery operates for 12.5 h under the maximum sampling rates of sensors without recharging. The final expense does not exceed 133€. We validated all layers and tested the entire device with a 75 min recording. The results show the appropriate functionalities of the prototype for further development and investigations.

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VCSEL based, wearable, continuously monitoring pulse oximeter

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

New Technologies in COPD Management

New Technologies in COPD Management

650nm red VCSELs with improved temperature performance

Hardware Prototype for Wrist-Worn Simultaneous Monitoring of Environmental, Behavioral, and Physiological Parameters

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