Vector Competence of Select Black Fly Species for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype)

Mead, Daniel G.; Maré, C. J.; Cupp, E. W.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.42

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Baseline infection rates and viral counts were determined in three black ßies immediately after injection as previously described (Mead et al 1997). Remaining infected black ßies were maintained on 15% dextrose at 26 C for 3Ð 4 d extrinsic incubation (EI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…collected during the 1995 epizootic in New Mexico (Schmidtmann et al 1999). Laboratory Þndings have demonstrated that VSV-NJ isolates from enzootic and epizootic sites replicate in colonized (Cupp et al 1992) and wild black ßies (Mead et al 1997) and that virus is present in the saliva of experimentally infected black ßies. Recently, a mouse model was used to conÞrm the vectorial competence of S. vittatum for VSV-NJ (Mead et al 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biological Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype) bySimulium vittatum(Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa)

Mead¹,

Gray

Noblet

et al. 2004

J Med Entomol

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The role of hematophagous arthropods in vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype; VSV-NJ) transmission during epizootics has remained unclear for decades in part because it has never been shown that clinical or subclinical disease in a livestock host results from the bite of an infected insect. In this study, we investigated the ability of VSV-NJ-infected black flies (Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt) to transmit the virus to domestic swine, Sus scrofa L. Experimental evidence presented here clearly demonstrates that VSV-NJ was transmitted from black flies to the swine. Transmission was confirmed by seroconversion or by the presence of clinical vesicular stomatitis followed by seroconversion. Our results represent the first report of clinical vesicular stomatitis in a livestock host after virus transmission by an insect.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype) bySimulium vittatum(Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa)

Mead¹,

Gray

Noblet

et al. 2004

J Med Entomol

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“…VSV is known to be enzootic in the Caribbean, and sporadic epizootics continue to occur in the United States. VSV has been isolated from sandflies and mosquitoes, suggesting that the virus can be transmitted via insects [13,14]. Infection with VSV results in the formation of vesicles on the oral mucosa.…”

Section: Vesiculoviruses Vesicular Stomatitis Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdoviruses and Apoptosis

Licata

Harty

2003

International Reviews of Immunology

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Viral-induced apoptosis is recognized as a common method utilized by viruses to overcome the host. Recent evidence indicates that infection by rhabdoviruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), and rabies virus results in apoptotic cell death. Similar morphological changes and host cell proteins are induced in cells infected with these different viruses; however, the viral proteins responsible for these changes vary. In addition, the molecular mechanism(s) utilized by these viruses to induce apoptosis are on the brink of discovery. This article serves to summarize our current understanding of the apoptotic process during rhabdovirus infection and to illustrate forthcoming areas of study in the field

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“…In addition, this work demonstrates for the first time that co-feeding transmission of VSNJV does not require direct contact between donor and recipient black flies and that, even in the absence of lesions, feeding sites of infected flies can remain infectious to recipient flies for at least 24 h. In the current study, the processing of recipient flies can only indicate acquisition of VSNJV because recipients were not held for an extrinsic incubation period. However, in previous experiments, black flies became infectious following oral inoculation and incubation with as little as 10 1.3 PFU of VSNJV (Mead et al, 1997). These findings provide potential explanations for how VSNJV might be amplified during epidemics which involve livestock and, potentially, for how the virus might be maintained in endemic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Domestic cattle as a non-conventional amplifying host of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus

Smith

Howerth

Carter

et al. 2010

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

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The role of vertebrates as amplifying and maintenance hosts for vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) remains unclear. Livestock have been considered dead-end hosts because detectable viraemia is absent in VSNJV-infected animals. This study demonstrated two situations in which cattle can represent a source of VSNJV to Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Diptera: Simuliidae) by serving: (a) as a substrate for horizontal transmission among co-feeding black flies, and (b) as a source of infection to uninfected black flies feeding on sites where VSNJV-infected black flies have previously fed. Observed co-feeding transmission rates ranged from 0% to 67%. Uninfected flies physically separated from infected flies by a distance of up to 11 cm were able to acquire virus during feeding although the rate of transmission decreased as the distance between infected and uninfected flies increased. Acquisition of VSNJV by uninfected flies feeding on initial inoculation sites at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-infection, in both the presence and absence of vesicular lesions, was detected.

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Vector Competence of Select Black Fly Species for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype)

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Biological Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype) bySimulium vittatum(Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa)

Biological Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (New Jersey Serotype) bySimulium vittatum(Diptera: Simuliidae) to Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa)

Rhabdoviruses and Apoptosis

Domestic cattle as a non-conventional amplifying host of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus

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