Vector control: a cornerstone in the malaria elimination campaign

Karunamoorthi, Kaliyaperumal

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03664.x

Cited by 107 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The interaction between malaria parasites and vector mosquitoes has drawn much attention for possible interventions to prevent transmission of this pathogen (30). Most current studies on vectors are focused on mosquito immune genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of trehalose transporter knockdown onAnopheles gambiaestress adaptation and susceptibility toPlasmodium falciparuminfection

Liu

Dong

Huang

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Anopheles gambiae is a major vector mosquito for Plasmodium falciparum, the deadly pathogen causing most human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Synthesized in the fat body, trehalose is the predominant sugar in mosquito hemolymph. It not only provides energy but also protects the mosquito against desiccation and heat stresses. Trehalose enters the mosquito hemolymph by the trehalose transporter AgTreT1. In adult female A. gambiae, AgTreT1 is predominantly expressed in the fat body. We found that AgTreT1 expression is induced by environmental stresses such as low humidity or elevated temperature. AgTreT1 RNA silencing reduces the hemolymph trehalose concentration by 40%, and the mosquitoes succumb sooner after exposure to desiccation or heat. After an infectious blood meal, AgTreT1 RNA silencing reduces the number of P. falciparum oocysts in the mosquito midgut by over 70% compared with mock-injected mosquitoes. These data reveal important roles for AgTreT1 in stress adaptation and malaria pathogen development in a major vector mosquito. Thus, AgTreT1 may be a potential target for malaria vector control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of trehalose transporter knockdown onAnopheles gambiaestress adaptation and susceptibility toPlasmodium falciparuminfection

Liu

Dong

Huang

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This campaign was interrupted in the 1970s. Malaria had been eradicated in a few countries (Karunamoorthi 2011). Most importantly, multidrug and cross-drug resistance among existing antimalarials, mainly the aminoquinolines, were reported.…”

Section: Malaria Treatment and Drug-resistant Parasites -mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of PQ to control the transmission of malaria in endemic areas requires medical supervision due to the haemolytic toxicity of the drug (WHO 2010a). Interventions to reduce mosquito density, human-vector contact and the vectorial capacity of Anopheles species are not simple (Karunamoorthi 2011). Some methods that are available to reduce the transmission of malaria include indoor spraying with insecticides, ultra-low volume space spraying, the chemical or biological control of larvae and personal protection using repellents or insecticide-treated nets.…”

Section: Malaria Treatment and Drug-resistant Parasites -mentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches in antimalarial drug discovery and development: a review

Aguiar

Rocha

Souza

et al. 2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Malaria remains a major world health problem following the emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to the majority of antimalarial drugs. This problem has since been aggravated by a decreased sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax to chloroquine. This review discusses strategies for evaluating the antimalarial activity of new compounds in vitro and in animal models ranging from conventional tests to the latest high-throughput screening technologies. Antimalarial discovery approaches include the following: the discovery of antimalarials from natural sources, chemical modifications of existing antimalarials, the development of hybrid compounds, testing of commercially available drugs that have been approved for human use for other diseases and molecular modelling using virtual screening technology and docking. Using these approaches, thousands of new drugs with known molecular specificity and active against P. falciparum have been selected. The inhibition of haemozoin formation in vitro, an indirect test that does not require P. falciparum cultures, has been described and this test is believed to improve antimalarial drug discovery. Clinical trials conducted with new funds from international agencies and the participation of several industries committed to the eradication of malaria should accelerate the discovery of drugs that are as effective as artemisinin derivatives, thus providing new hope for the control of malaria

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“…Vector control is a corner stone in the fight against vector-borne diseases particularly malaria (Karunamoorthi, 2011). Insecticides are considered to be a powerful weapon in order to enhance the agricultural productivity and considerably to improve the major public health indices too (Karunamoorthi et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Insecticidal Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papaya: A gifted nutraceutical plant - a critical review of recent human health research

Karunamoorthi¹,

Kim²,

Jegajeevanram³

et al. 2014

TANG [HUMANITAS MEDICINE]

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The plant kingdom is considered to be a repository of modern medicine, attributable to their rich source of bio-active molecules and secondary metabolites. It is indeed the Nutraceuticals that enhance immunity and ensure a healthier life because of their prophylactic and therapeutic values. Over centuries, papaya [Caricaceae; (Carica papaya Linn.)] is a renowned nutritious and medicinal plant. Each part of the papaya like root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed, rinds, and latex has its own nutraceutical properties. It serves as food, cooking aid, and Ethnomedicine to prevent and treat wide-range of diseases and disorders. It has also been traditionally used as appetite enhancer, meat tenderizer, purgative, medicinal acne, abortifacient and vermifuge. Over decades, a series of scientific attempts were made to authenticate the nutraceutical properties of papaya. These studies validated that the papaya has antiplasmodial, antitrichochramal, antitrichomonal, antidengue, and anti-cancer activities. They have also exhibited that papaya possesses antiseptic, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and contraceptive features, and it helps in the management of sickle-cell anaemia, HIV, heart diseases and digestional disorders too. Nevertheless, the responsible bio-active molecules and their mode of actions remain indistinct and imprecise, and this calls for further pharmacological and clinical research on them. Conclusively, papaya is one of the naturally gifted plants; though its nutraceutical properties as a food or as a quasi-drug are poorly understood or undervalued by people. Accordingly, this scrutiny, demand for instigation of public health awareness campaigns to promote papaya consumption, so that the society shall acquire optimal benefits of papaya and in turn prevent and alleviate various diseases and illness.

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Vector control: a cornerstone in the malaria elimination campaign

Cited by 107 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of trehalose transporter knockdown onAnopheles gambiaestress adaptation and susceptibility toPlasmodium falciparuminfection

Impact of trehalose transporter knockdown onAnopheles gambiaestress adaptation and susceptibility toPlasmodium falciparuminfection

New approaches in antimalarial drug discovery and development: a review

Papaya: A gifted nutraceutical plant - a critical review of recent human health research

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