Vector Formulation Of The Ray-Equivalent Method For General Gaussian Beam Propagation

Greynolds, Alan W.

doi:10.1117/12.939577

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…6 The operating principle of GBD is exhaustively covered in the literature. [7][8][9] Because we know the analytic propagation laws of Gaussian beams, we can decompose an arbitrary wavefront into a finite sum of Gaussian beams and propagate them anywhere in a 3D non-paraxial optical system. In Figure 3 we show the ability of our poke.gbd module to reconstruct the analytical airy function.…”

Section: Gaussian Beamlet Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poke: an open-source, ray-based physical optics platform

Ashcraft,

Douglas,

Kim

et al. 2023

Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions XIII

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Integrated optical models allow for accurate prediction of the as-built performance of an optical instrument. Optical models are typically composed of a separate ray trace and diffraction model to capture both the geometrical and physical regimes of light. These models are typically separated across both open-source and commercial software that don't interface with each other directly. To bridge the gap between ray trace models and diffraction models, we have built an open-source optical analysis platform in Python called Poke that uses commercial ray tracing APIs and open-source physical optics engines to simultaneously model scalar wavefront error, diffraction, and polarization. Poke operates by storing ray data from a commercial ray tracing engine into a Python object, from which physical optics calculations can be made. We present an introduction to using Poke, and highlight the capabilities of two new propagation modules that add to the utility of existing scalar diffraction models. Gaussian Beamlet Decomposition is a ray-based approach to diffraction modeling that allows us to integrate physical optics models with ray trace models to directly capture the influence of ray aberrations in diffraction simulations. Polarization Ray Tracing is a ray-based method of vector field propagation that can diagnose the polarization aberrations in optical systems. Poke has been recently used to study the next generation of astronomical observatories, including the ground-based Extremely Large Telescopes (TMT, GMT, ELT) and a 6 meter space telescope (6MST) early concept for NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory.

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Section: Gaussian Beamlet Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poke: an open-source, ray-based physical optics platform

Ashcraft,

Douglas,

Kim

et al. 2023

Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions XIII

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“…in their seminal paper about implementing GBD in photon engineering’s non-sequential ray tracing software FRED. This method traces waist and divergence rays to compute the complex field at the plane of interest using Arnaud’s method of complex ray tracing 40 , 49 . Through FRED, the complex ray tracing method has seen widespread use for non-paraxial coherent beam analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To bridge the gap between commercial ray tracing engines and open-source physical optics propagation codes, we investigate the viability of a ray-based diffraction calculation called Gaussian beamlet decomposition (GBD) for modeling observatories with coronagraphs. Traditionally, GBD operates using the complex ray tracing algorithm described in the works by Greynolds 40 and Harvey et al 41 This technique has been previously implemented in FRED, 41,42 and possibly in CODE V, 43 but an exact method of its implementation in these software packages is not clearly available in the literature. An alternative approach called the transfer matrix algorithm was recently developed to improve GBD's viability for precision diffraction simulation by Worku and Gross.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid propagation physics for the design and modeling of astronomical observatories: a coronagraphic example

Ashcraft,

Douglas,

Kim

et al. 2023

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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.For diffraction-limited optical systems, an accurate physical optics model is necessary to properly evaluate instrument performance. Astronomical observatories outfitted with coronagraphs for direct exoplanet imaging require physical optics models to simulate the effects of misalignment and diffraction. Accurate knowledge of the observatory’s point-spread function (PSF) is integral for the design of high-contrast imaging instruments and simulation of astrophysical observations. The state of the art is to model the misalignment, ray aberration, and diffraction across multiple software packages, which complicates the design process. Gaussian beamlet decomposition (GBD) is a ray-based method of diffraction calculation that has been widely implemented in commercial optical design software. By performing the coherent calculation with data from the ray model of the observatory, the ray aberration errors can be fed directly into the physical optics model of the coronagraph, enabling a more integrated model of the observatory. We develop a formal algorithm for the transfer-matrix method of GBD and evaluate it against analytical results and a traditional physical optics model to assess the suitability of GBD for high-contrast imaging simulations. Our GBD simulations of the observatory PSF, when compared to the analytical Airy function, have a sum-normalized RMS difference of ≈10 − 6. These fields are then propagated through a Fraunhofer model of an exoplanet imaging coronagraph where the mean residual numerical contrast is 4 × 10 − 11, with a maximum near the inner working angle at 5 × 10 − 9. These results show considerable promise for the future development of GBD as a viable propagation technique in high-contrast imaging. We developed this algorithm in an open-source software package and outlined a path for its continued development to increase the accuracy and flexibility of diffraction simulations using GBD.

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“…Although a number of methods in the field of physical optics exist to model coherent optical systems [ 18 , 19 ], most of them are not suited to handle such divergent beam situations [ 20 ]. To provide a general simulation model, which also supports highly divergence beams, the Gaussian beamlet propagation (GBP) method for the simulation was used [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. GBP has previously shown its potential as a simulation method for line lasers with highly divergent beam geometries [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulative and Experimental Characterization of an Adaptive Astigmatic Membrane Mirror

2021

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Adaptive optical (AO) components play an important role in numerous optical applications, from astronomical telescopes to microscope imaging systems. For most of these AO components, the induced wavefront correction, respectively added optical power, is based on a rotationally symmetric or segmented design of the AO component. In this work, we report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a micro-electronic-mechanical system (MEMS) adaptive membrane mirror in the shape of a parabolic cylinder. In order to interpret the experimental characterization results correctly and provide a tool for future application development, this is accompanied by the setup of an optical simulation model. The characterization results showed a parabolically deformable membrane mirror with an aperture of 8 × 2 mm2 and an adaptive range for the optical power from 0.3 to 6.1 m−1 (dpt). The optical simulation model, using the Gaussian beamlet propagation method, was successfully validated by laser beam profile measurements taken in the optical characterization setup. This MEMS-based adaptive astigmatic membrane mirror, together with the accompanying simulation model, could be a key component for the rapid development of new optical systems, e.g., adaptive laser line generators.

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Vector Formulation Of The Ray-Equivalent Method For General Gaussian Beam Propagation

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Poke: an open-source, ray-based physical optics platform

Poke: an open-source, ray-based physical optics platform

Hybrid propagation physics for the design and modeling of astronomical observatories: a coronagraphic example

Simulative and Experimental Characterization of an Adaptive Astigmatic Membrane Mirror

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